Research design and setting
The present study is an interventional study with a pre-test-post-test design that was performed on 46 nursing students of Shiraz Nursing School who were studying in the second semester of the 2021 academic year and currently undertaking community health internships.
Sampling
Students were enrolled in the study by census method. They were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n = 21) and control (n = 25). The willingness to participate in the study, informed consent, and current participation in the community health internship were among the criteria for entering the study. The exclusion criteria were an unwillingness to continue cooperation.
Instruments
The data collection tool included a demographic information questionnaire including age, sex, and grade point average. The Scherer Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Sherer et al., 1982) contains 17 items that are rated on a 5-point scale from strongly disagree (score 1) to strongly agree (score 5). The maximum score is 85 and the minimum is 17 [12]. This questionnaire is used to measure general self-efficacy in social and general skills. Items include four areas: clinical (5 questions), theory (4 questions), motivational (4 questions) and organizational (4 questions). In the study of Karbasi et al., the content validity with experts was used to determine the validity of the questionnaire. To determine the reliability of the self-efficacy questionnaire, a test–retest with a two-week interval was used. The results of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.89, which indicates that its reliability was optimal [13]. A learning questionnaire was prepared based on the topics of vaccination. This questionnaire has 20 four-choice questions that was reviewed and approved by the professors of the Community Health Nursing Department.
Procedure
After approving the research project and obtaining ethical approval, and coordinating with the officials of the School of Nursing, the students were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Written informed consent was obtained from all students while stating the objectives of the research. In this study, students were included in the study by census method and were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n = 21) and control (n = 25).
The e-content in this research was developed in the form of short educational videos. Researcher tried to work based on the principles and standards of multimedia [14] and the first principles of instructional design [15] and was provided to the audience on the WhatsApp social network.
For this purpose we write the first text then we record the sound based on the text. Then we design in PowerPoint software the appropriate slides based on educational principles and we developed the videos and then edited them for final format. We finally developed 5 videos with mean time of 5 min.
The content was about the types of vaccines needed by children, principles of cold chain, contraindications to vaccination, how to properly inject the vaccine, complications of vaccines and child care after vaccination that was provided at the same content in both intervention and control group. Sample images from videos are provided in Figs. 1, 2 and 3.
The objectives of the research were explained to the students of the intervention group and informed consent was obtained. After that, the training in the control group was made based on the educational objectives of routine methods of lectures and questions and answers. In addition to routine training, the students of the intervention group were provided with micro learning content following the educational topics of the course in the form of short videos during the internship through the virtual network. During the training, the researcher communicated with the students through a virtual network and answered their questions. Demographic information questionnaire, Scherer self-efficacy questionnaire, informed consent form and learning assessment questionnaire were completed by students of both groups on the first day of internship. At the end of the internship, the questionnaires were completed again by the two groups.
Statistical methods
Analysis was performed using descriptive statistics methods (mean and standard deviation) and statistical methods including independent and paired t-test and SPSS software version 23.