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Table 7 The NASA task load index

From: An intelligent grasper to provide real-time force feedback to shorten the learning curve in laparoscopic training

The NASA Task Load Index

Mean score (±SD)

All subjects (n = 30)

Novices without feedback (n = 15)

Novices with feedback (n = 15)

Mental Demands: How much mental effort is required to complete a task?

43.67 (±17.90)

50.00 (±18.90)

37.33 (±14.86)

Physical demands: How much or little is the physical burden of completing the task?

31.00 (±16.68)

32.67 (±17.10)

29.33 (±16.68)

Time requirements: Do you complete tasks slowly or flustered?

47.67 (±25.96)

58.00 (±26.78)

37.33 (±21.20)

Effort: How much or how little effort did you put into completing the task?

43.67 (±21.73)

46.00 (±21.97)

41.33 (±22.00)

Frustration: Do you feel safe/gratified/satisfied/relieved?

66.33 (±32.32)

59.33 (±34.74)

73.33 (±28.95)

  1. SD Standard deviation