Table 3 Description of outcome evaluation
Evaluation index | Description |
|---|---|
Maximum absolute force (Newton) | The highest absolute force during the measurement, which may cause tissue damage in the laparoscopic surgery. |
SD of absolute force (Newton) | The standard deviation of the absolute force that can reflect the stability during the gripping tasks. |
Force feedback system evaluation scale | The scale used to evaluate the satisfaction of the design of the system equipped with force feedback. |
Training feedback evaluation scale | The scale used to evaluate the training effect by self-rating, which involves skills improving, operating confidence, etc. |
NASA Task Load Index | The scale includes questions of the participants’ operating feeling during the training. |