Table 1 Interplay between levels of teacher regulation and levels of student regulation in learning processes; adapted from Vermunt & Verloop (1999)
Degree of student regulation of learning | Degree of teacher regulation of learning | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Strong | Shared | Loose | |
High | Destructive friction | Destructive friction | Congruence |
Intermediate | Destructive friction | Congruence | Constructive friction |
Low | Congruence | Constructive friction | Destructive friction |