Table 2 Trajectory of change in the PSS, CBI and CCS among nursing students during one-year clinical practicum

Perceived Stress

 Taking care of patients

1.68 (0.67)

1.57 (0.60)

1.45 (0.57)

2.92

0.0035

abc

 Teachers and nursing staff

0.98 (0.58)

1.07 (0.56)

0.90 (0.57)

2.21

0.0271

abc

 Assignments and workload

1.47 (0.80)

1.53 (0.72)

1.15 (0.71)

0.71

 < 0.0001

bc

 Peers and daily life

0.57 (0.56)

0.75 (0.62)

0.54 (0.59)

4.35

 < 0.0001

ac

 Lack of professional knowledge and skills

1.64 (0.69)

1.59 (0.62)

1.54 (0.66)

1.00

NS

-

 Clinical environment

0.94 (0.71)

0.99 (0.66)

1.00 (0.70)

0.51

NS

-

 Overall stress

1.26 (0.52)

1.29 (0.48)

1.12 (0.50)

0.35

0.0003

bc

Coping Behaviour

 Avoidance

0.68 (0.59)

0.88 (0.63)

0.68 (0.58)

4.26

 < 0.0001

ac

 Problem-solving

2.37 (0.69)

2.23 (0.69)

2.26 (0.65)

2.53

0.0115

a

 Stay optimistic

2.68 (0.74)

2.51 (0.75)

2.60 (0.72)

2.56

0.0105

a

 Transference

1.80 (0.91)

1.86 (0.86)

2.12 (0.80)

0.81

 < 0.0001

bc

Clinical competence

 General nursing

3.74 (0.50)

3.69 (0.53)

3.93 (0.51)

1.18

 < 0.0001

bc

 Cooperation

3.97 (0.59)

3.98 (0.61)

4.03 (0.55)

0.00

NS

-

 Management

3.81 (0.60)

3.80 (0.61)

4.03 (0.57)

0.24

 < 0.0001

bc

 Self-growth

3.90 (0.65)

3.77 (0.62)

3.89 (0.63)

2.04

0.0413

ac

 Positiveness

4.02 (0.63)

3.81 (0.68)

3.92 (0.68)

3.56

0.0004

a

 Overall clinical competence

3.82 (0.48)

3.75 (0.50)

3.94 (0.49)

1.57

0.0005

bc