Table 2 Overview of the themes, categories, and codes of facilitators of and barriers to interprofessional collaboration in general

Involvement of patient, informal caregiver, and healthcare professional

Informing each other

• Clear information exchange between healthcare professionals

• Healthcare professionals do not know who is informal caregiver

• Balance between sharing information in writing and through conversation

• Informal caregiver is not informed, or not in a timely manner, or is informed retrospectively

• Up-to-date handover information

• People involved are not or insufficiently informed about the care process

• Informing family caregivers about policy decisions

• Family caregivers are not or insufficiently informed about the roles of healthcare professionals

• Clarity about care process among all persons involved (patient, family caregiver and healthcare professional)

• Ignoring family caregiver contribution

Mutual communication

• Mutual communication among stakeholders

• No or limited communication between persons involved

• Short lines of communication between professionals in nursing home and hospital care

• No or limited contact between family caregiver and healthcare professional

• Uniform use of language

• Limited communication between healthcare professionals

• Listening to each other

Participation of all persons involved

• Engaging with each other

• Unclear attitude towards each other

• Willingness of patient, family caregiver and health care professional to help

• Family caregiver not or not actively involved

• Open attitude

• Not knowing each other

• Interest in each other

• Positive team atmosphere

• Equality of permanent and temporary team members

Behaviour and attitude of team members towards each other

• Low-threshold accessibility of healthcare professionals

• Showing no interest in each other•

• Calling each other to account/giving feedback

• Little or no empathy

• Showing empathy

• Social activities with team to get to know each other

• Self-reflection

Team members’ expectations towards each other

• Agreement on goals

• Failure to honour agreements

• Mutually attuned expectations

• No or limited attuning

Systematic approach to providing care for older people

Coordinating team procedures

• Clear procedures

• No clear procedures

• Joint coordination regarding treatment plan

• No or limited coordination between care professionals about their contribution

• Working in complementary manner to each other

• Systematically planned evaluation moments with persons involved

Coordinating organisational procedures

• Availability of multidisciplinary health professionals for treatment

• Healthcare professionals having no or limited control regarding treatment process

• Policy support for collaboration between care professionals

• Unclear policy on procedures