Table 2 Terms used in the literature referring to Student engagement and their definition
N. | Author/year | Term | Definition |
|---|---|---|---|
1 | Er, Hui Meng 2020 | Student engagement in quality assurance | “Student engagement in quality assurance (QA) is extending from participation in course and learning environment evaluation, to involvement in structures and process at subject, faculty and institutional level. “ [28] |
2 | Galina Gheihman 2021 | Curricular coproduction | “A process in which learners partner with educators to create their educational experiences, curricula, and learning environment. Learners may contribute to the design, implementation, and evaluation of both nonclinical and clinical curricula.” [29] |
3 | Meeuwissen, Stephanie N.E. 2019 | Student engagement | “Increasing levels of student engagement are recognized and vary from consultation, involvement, and participation to partnership. Student Consultation: Students can express their perspectives Student Involvement: Students can take a more active role Student participation: An active role in a defined, collaborative process with staff Student-staff partnership: Joint ownership and decision-making over processes and outcomes.” [3] |
4 | Samantha E. Martens 2020 | Student-staff partnership | “A collaborative, reciprocal process through which all participants have the opportunity to contribute equally, although not necessarily in the same ways, to curricular or pedagogical conceptualization, decision making, implementation, investigation or analysis.” [10] |
5 | Milles, Lennart Steffen 2019 | Student engagement | “Represents a mutually beneficial collaborative approach between students and their institutions in higher education. It refers to a broad range of activities to enhance the learning and development of students, as well as the quality of the academic environment and institutional culture.” [30] |
6 | Patricio, Madalena 2016 | Student engagement | “A psycho-social process, influenced by institutional and personal factors, and embedded within a wider social context, integrates the social-cultural perspective with the psychological and behavioral” [19] |
7 | Kassab, Salah Eldin 2022 | Student engagement | “Groccia’s multidimensional conceptual model: In this model, student engagement is defined as the aspects of student academic experience in teaching, learning and research through interacting with other students, faculty and community at the cognitive (thinking), affective (feeling) and behavioral (doing) levels.” [5] |