Table 4 Residents’ involvement in research misconduct (n = 6200)
Variables | Never(%) | 1 time(%) | 2 times(%) | 3 times(%) | ≥ 4 times(%) | Self-reported rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Multiple submissions | 3063(49.4) | 585(9.4) | 947(15.3) | 846(13.6) | 759(12.2) | 3137(50.6) |
Duplicate publication | 3302(53.3) | 679(11.0) | 761(12.3) | 849(13.7) | 609(9.8) | 2898(46.7) |
Buying and selling papers, letting other people write papers, or writing papers for others | 3303(53.3) | 577(9.3) | 811(13.1) | 948(15.3) | 561(9.0) | 2897(46.7) |
Plagiarizing or misappropriating others’ academic achievements | 3179(51.3) | 662(10.7) | 990(16.0) | 815(13.1) | 554(8.9) | 3021(48.7) |
Falsifying research data, materials, literature or annotations, or fabricating research results | 3162(51.0) | 592(9.5) | 816(16.2) | 960(15.5) | 670(10.8) | 3038(49.0) |
Providing false academic information in the process of the project application, application of achievement, award, or title, or degree application | 3183(51.3) | 689(11.1) | 934(15.1) | 790(12.7) | 604(9.7) | 3017(48.7) |
Joining the authorship without participating in the research or creation, listing others as authors without their permission, listing fake names as authors, or not listing authors who made contributions to the research and manuscript | 3250(52.4) | 526(8.5) | 641(10.3) | 1083(17.5) | 700(11.3) | 2950(47.6) |