Table 1 Comparison of teacher’s questionnaire scores between TM and 3D groups [This table should be placed below the first paragraph of the Results section]

Clinical teaching surgeons (N = 10)

Interest and enthusiasm in teaching

5.1 ± 1.8

7.6 ± 1.5

0.003^*

Teaching atmosphere and interaction

4.6 ± 1.6

7.9 ± 1.3

< 0.001^*

Smooth communication

4.5 ± 1.5

8.1 ± 1.8

< 0.001^*

Positive feedback

5.3 ± 1.7

8.2 ± 1.5

< 0.001^*

Deep and scienctific thinking

5.6 ± 1.9

8.0 ± 1.2

0.003^*

Expanding teaching contents

4.1 ± 1.5

8.5 ± 1.4

< 0.001^*

The explanation of anatomical structure

5.8 ± 1.6

8.6 ± 1.1

< 0.001^*

The explanation of surgical procedures

6.2 ± 1.3

8.2 ± 1.3

0.003^*

The explanation of surgical cooperation

6.5 ± 1.5

7.2 ± 1.5

0.311

The quality of surgical presentation

5.8 ± 0.9

8.0 ± 1.2

< 0.001^*

Satisfaction with surgical cooperation

7.7 ± 1.2

7.3 ± 1.4

0.502

Comfort level of teaching

6.0 ± 1.6

8.8 ± 0.9

< 0.001^*

General satisfaction

5.5 ± 1.2

8.5 ± 0.9

< 0.001^*

Overall score

72.7 ± 19.3

104.9 ± 17.0

< 0.001^*

Clinical teaching nurses (N = 10)

Interest and enthusiasm in teaching

5.8 ± 1.4

9.0 ± 0.8

< 0.001^*

Teaching atmosphere and interaction

4.8 ± 1.2

8.4 ± 1.1

< 0.001^*

Smooth communication

4.4 ± 1.8

8.2 ± 0.9

< 0.001^*

Positive feedback

6.5 ± 1.5

8.5 ± 1.4

0.006^*

Deep and scienctific thinking

5.5 ± 1.4

8.6 ± 1.2

< 0.001^*

Expanding teaching contents

4.8 ± 1.9

7.8 ± 1.9

0.002^*

The explanation of surgical procedures

6.5 ± 2.0

8.5 ± 1.2

0.014^*

The explanation of surgical cooperation

6.2 ± 1.0

8.4 ± 1.4

< 0.001^*

The interpretation of surgical instrument

7.0 ± 1.5

7.2 ± 1.7

0.784

The quality of surgical and cooperative presentation

6.6 ± 1.4

8.2 ± 1.3

0.016^*

Comfort level of teaching

5.5 ± 2.0

8.0 ± 1.1

0.003^*

General satisfaction

5.0 ± 2.1

8.5 ± 1.2

< 0.001^*

Overall score

68.6 ± 19.2

99.3 ± 15.2

< 0.001^*