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Table 4 Relevance,a difficulty,b time limit,c and clarity of instructionsd for each task in the test as rated by senior surgeons (Phase 2) and interns (Phase 3)

From: Development and validation of an objective virtual reality tool for assessing technical aptitude among potential candidates for surgical training

Task

Group

Relevance rating,

mean (SD)

Difficulty rating,

mean (SD)

Time limit,

n (%)

Clarity of instructions,

n (%)

Marbles (right or left hand)

Surgeons

3.6 (0.7)

2.7 (0.6)

29 (97)

29 (97)

Interns

-

2.6 (0.6)

135 (88)

152 (99)

Marbles and hold (right or left hand)

Surgeons

3.9 (0.7)

3.6 (0.5)

26 (87)

30 (100)

Interns

-

3.4 (0.7)

115 (75)

151 (99)

Marbles and hold – misorientation

Surgeons

3.5 (0.9)

4.4 (0.5)

24 (80)

30 (100)

Interns

-

4.2 (0.6)

47 (31)

151 (99)

Cutting and scope (right or left hand)

Surgeons

3.8 (0.8)

3.2 (0.6)

27 (90)

30 (100)

Interns

-

2.9 (0.7)

119 (78)

151 (99)

Cutting a circle

Surgeons

3.7 (0.8)

2.6 (0.6)

29 (97)

29 (97)

Interns

-

2.8 (0.8)

126 (82)

143 (93)

Scope 30°

Surgeons

3.7 (0.7)

3.5 (0.6)

26 (87)

28 (93)

Interns

-

3.3 (0.8)

131 (86)

149 (97)

Needle transfer

Surgeons

3.8 (0.6)

3.6 (0.5)

28 (93)

28 (93)

Interns

-

3.3 (0.9)

86 (56)

147 (96)

Needle rotatione

Surgeons

2.6 (0.9)

4.7 (0.5)

20 (67)

29 (97)

Interns

-

-

-

-

  1. a Only the expert surgeons were asked to the rate the relevance of the tasks. The relevance rating scale ranged from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater relevance (1 – “not relevant”, 2 – “slightly relevant”, 3 – “moderately relevant”, 4 – “very relevant”, 5 – “extremely relevant”)
  2. b The difficulty rating scale ranged from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater difficulty (1 – “very easy”, 2 – “easy”, 3 – “moderately difficult”, 4 – “very difficult”, 5 – “extremely difficult”)
  3. c Participants were asked whether the time limit was sufficient for the task. The number in the table represents the number of surgeons who responded “yes”
  4. d Participants were asked whether the instructions for the task were clear. The number in the table represents the number of surgeons who responded “yes”
  5. e This task was omitted from the test based on the expert surgeon’s feedback. Therefore, it was not included in the revised version administered to intern