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Table 2 Self-assessment response overview per VSG by HCP discipline. VSG1: 3 confidence questions and 2 self-efficacy questions, VSG2: 3 confidence questions and 3 self-efficacy questions, and VSG3: 2 confidence questions and 2 self-efficacy questions

From: Development and evaluation of virtual simulation games to increase the confidence and self-efficacy of healthcare learners in vaccine communication, advocacy, and promotion

VSG 1

Discipline

Attribute Assessed

Self-Assessment (pre/post)

Participant responses (n)

Median Response (range)

P value

Medicine

Confidence

Pre

48

5 (2–6)

0.0005

Post

48

5 (3–6)

Self-efficacy

Pre

32

4 (2–6)

< 0.0001

Post

32

4 (3–6)

Nursing

Confidence

Pre

66

5 (2–6)

< 0.0001

Post

66

5 (2–6)

Self-efficacy

Pre

44

4 (1–6)

< 0.0001

Post

44

5 (2–6)

Pharmacy

Confidence

Pre

90

5 (1–6)

< 0.0001

Post

90

5 (4–6)

Self-efficacy

Pre

60

4 (3–6)

< 0.0001

Post

60

5 (4–6)

VSG 2

Discipline

Attribute Assessed

Self-Assessment (pre/post)

Participant responses (n)

Median Response (range)

P value

Medicine

Confidence

Pre

51

4 (2–6)

< 0.0001

Post

51

5 (3–6)

Self-efficacy

Pre

51

5 (2–6)

< 0.0001

Post

51

5 (4–6)

Nursing

Confidence

Pre

66

4 (2–6)

< 0.0001

Post

66

5 (2–6)

Self-efficacy

Pre

66

5 (2–6)

< 0.0001

Post

66

5 (3–6)

Pharmacy

Confidence

Pre

90

4 (3–6)

< 0.0001

Post

90

5 (3–6)

Self-efficacy

Pre

90

5 (3–6)

< 0.0001

Post

90

5 (3–6)

VSG 3

Discipline

Attribute Assessed

Self-Assessment (pre/post)

Participant

responses (n)

Median Response (range)

P value

Medicine

Confidence

Pre

28

4 (3–5)

0.0002

Post

28

5 (4–6)

Self-efficacy

Pre

28

4 (3–6)

0.0001

Post

28

5 (3–6)

Nursing

Confidence

Pre

38

4 (2–6)

< 0.0001

Post

38

5 (3–6)

Self-efficacy

Pre

38

4 (3–6)

< 0.0001

Post

38

5 (3–6)

Pharmacy

Confidence

Pre

46

4 (2–6)

< 0.0001

Post

46

5 (4–6)

Self-efficacy

Pre

46

4 (2–6)

< 0.0001

Post

46

5 (4–6)