Table 2 Tobacco smoking characteristics of university students, along with the difference between high and low WPS dependence groups (n = 746)

Cigarette smoker

 Yes

253 (33.9%)

192 (75.9%)

61 (24.1%)

0.007

 No

492 (66.1%)

326 (66.1%)

167 (33.9%)

Vape smoker

 Yes

238 (31.9%)

176 (73.9%)

62 (26.1%)

0.067

 No

508 (68.1%)

342 (67.3%)

166 (32.7%)

Number of WPS per week

 < 1

185 (24.8%)

54 (29.2%)

131 (70.8%)

< 0.001

 1–2 times

201 (26.9%)

144 (71.6%)

57 (28.4%)

 3–6 Times

211 (28.3%)

178 (84.4%)

33 (15.6%)

 ≥ 7 times

149 (22.0%)

142 (95.3%)

7 (4.7%)

Percent of daily allowance spent on WPS

 ≤ 10% of daily allowance

468 (62.7%)

271 (57.9%)

197 (42.1%)

< 0.001

 11–50% of daily allowance

189 (25.4%)

161 (85.2%)

28 (14.8%)

 > 50% of daily allowance

89 (11.9%)

86 (96.6%)

3 (3.4%)

Time in the day WPS

< 0.001

 Always morning

37 (5.0%)

35 (94.6%)

2 (5.4%)

 Morning more than the afternoon

75 (10.1%)

63 (84.0%)

12 (16.0%)

 Afternoon more than morning

277 (37.2%)

228 (82.3%)

49 (17.7%)

 Always Afternoon

355 (47.7%)

191 (53.8%)

164 (46.2%)

Cigarette smoking father

 Yes

397 (53.2%)

276 (69.5%)

121 (30.5%)

0.954

 No

349 (46.8%)

242 (39.3%)

107 (30.7%)

Waterpipe smoking father

 Yes

128 (17.2%)

104 (81.3%)

24 (18.8%)

 No

618 (82.8%)

414 (67.0%)

204 (33.0%)

0.001

Cigarette smoking mother

 Yes

73 (9.8%)

49 (67.1%)

24 (32.9%)

0.689

 No

673 (90.2%)

469 (69.7%)

204 (30.3%)

Waterpipe smoking mother

 Yes

128 (17.2%)

97 (75.8%)

31 (24.2%)

0.092

 No

618 (82.8%)

421 (68.1%)

197 (31.9%)

Cigarette smoking friends

 Yes

440 (59.1%)

316 (71.8%)

124 (28.2%)

0.105

 No

304 (40.9%)

201 (66.1%)

103 (33.9%)

Waterpipe smoking friends

 Yes

517 (69.5%)

373 (72.1%)

144 (27.9%)

0.020

 No

227 (30.5%)

144 (63.4%)

83 (36.6%)