Table 1 Background characteristics of university students, along with the difference between high and low WPS dependence groups (n = 746)

Age(Mean ± SD)

20.5 ± 1.6

20.6 ± 1.6

20.3 ± 1.7

0.141

 ≤ 20 years

431 (57.8%)

284 (65.9%)

147 (34.1%)

0.016

 > 20 years

315 (42.2%)

234 (74.3%)

81 (25.7%)

Gender

< 0.001

 Male

441 (59.1%)

333 (75.5%)

108 (24.5%)

 Female

305 (40.9%)

185 (60.7%)

10 (39.3%)

Residency

 Urban

413 (55.7%)

284 (68.8%)

129 (31.2%)

0.631

 Rural

329 (44.3%)

232 (70.5%)

97 (29.5%)

Current living place

 With family

597 (80.3%)

406 (68.0%)

191 (32.0%)

0.100

 With students

91 (12.3%)

72 (79.1%)

19 (20.9%)

 Alone

55 (7.4%)

38 (69.1%)

17 (30.9%)

Family size

0.811

 ≤ 5

399 (53.7%)

279 (69.9%)

120 (30.1%)

 More than 5

344 (46.3%)

237 (68.9%)

107 (31.1%)

Time spent with friends a day

0.085

 Less than 2 h

90 (12.1%)

55 (61.1%)

35 (38.9%)

 2- 5 h

361 (48.4%)

284 (68.7%)

113 (31.3%)

 More than 5 h

294 (39.5%)

215 (73.1%)

79 (26.9%)

Physical activity

0.487

 None

201 (26.9%)

139 (69.2%)

62 (30.8%)

 Moderate

388 (52.0%)

264 (68.0%)

124 (32.0%)

 High

157 (21.0%)

115 (73.2%)

42 (26.8%)

College

 Humanities

367 (49.5%)

248 (67.6%)

119 (32.4%)

0.092

 Sciences-nonmedical

200 (27.0%)

132 (66.5%)

67 (33.5%)

 Sciences-medical sciences

174 (23.5%)

133 (75.9%)

42 (24.1%)