Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Study | Disciplines or curricula | Sample size (TBL/PBL) | Participant characteristics | Outcome assessment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Vakani 2014 [18] | Neurology | 59 (30/29) | Physicians | Theoretical tests scores, questionnaire surveys |
Dong 2015 [12] | Oncology | 41 (20/21) | Oncology graduate students | Theoretical tests scores |
Yang 2016 | Clinical medicine | 164 (82/82) | Students of clinical medicine | Theoretical tests scores |
Han 2017 [14] | Ophthalmology | 60 (30/30) | Resident doctors | Theoretical tests scores |
He 2017 [15] | General surgery | 200 (115/85) | Clinical medical students | Theoretical tests scores, Practical ability |
Gong 2017 | Acupuncture discipline | 80 (40/40) | Graduate trainees in acupuncture and moxibustion | Theoretical tests scores |
Chen 2018 | Ophthalmology | 24 (12/12) | Ophthalmology residents | Theoretical tests scores, Practical ability, questionnaire surveys |
Wang 2020 | Gynaecology and obstetrics | 36 (18/18) | Obstetrics and gynecology intern | Theoretical tests scores |
Zhao 2022 | Urology of Chinese medicine | 64 (32/32) | Chinese medicine residents | Theoretical tests scores, questionnaire surveys |
Xie 2023 [19] | Stomatology | 24 (12/12) | Residents in stomatology | Theoretical tests scores, Practical ability, questionnaire surveys |