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Table 3 Results EPAs, OPAs and their specifications

From: Development, implementation, and evaluation of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for medical radiation technologists in Taiwan: a nationwide experience

Diagnostic Radiography

EPA

OPA

Specifications

EPA1 General Diagnostic Imaging

OPA1 Pre-examination Preparation

1. Confirmation of medical orders and patient identification

2. Explanation of the Inspection Process and Confirmation of Patient Safety

3. Infection Control

4. Radiation Safety Protection

OPA2 Conducting Imaging Examinations

1. Positioning and Parameter Setting for the Examination

2. Execution of Examinations as Prescribed by Medical Orders

3. Care and Management of Patient Safety

4. Disposition of Adverse Events

OPA3 Post-Examination Procedures

1. Post-Examination Care Instructions for Patients

2. Environmental Cleaning and Maintenance

3. Reset and Maintenance of Examination Equipment

4. Image Quality Control and Post-Processing

EPA2 Computed Tomography Imaging

OPA1 Pre-examination Preparation

1. Execution of Quality Assurance Operations

2. Confirmation of Medical Orders and Patient Identification

3. Explanation of the Examination Process and Confirmation of Patient Safety

4. Infection Control

5. Radiation Safety Protection

OPA2 Conducting Imaging Examinations

1. Inspection of Positioning and Parameter Settings

2. Execution of Examinations According to Medical Orders

3. Patient Safety Care and Management

4. Handling of Adverse Events

OPA3 Post-Examination Procedures

1. Explanation of Post-Examination Care Instructions for Patients

2. Environmental Cleaning and Maintenance

3. Reset and Maintenance of Examination Equipment

4. Image Quality Control and Post-Processing

Radiation Therapy

EPA

OPA

Specifications

EPA1 Computerized Tomography Simulation Positioning

OPA1 Assistive Device Fabrication

1. Confirm medical orders, patient identification, and preparation

2. Provide health education explanations and confirm patient safety

3. Set up and fabricate assistive devices according to medical orders

4. Execute and confirm patient positioning

5. Infection control

6. Patient safety care and management

7. Handling of adverse events

OPA2 Pre-Positioning Preparation

1. Implement quality assurance procedures

2. Verify medical orders, patient identification, and pre-treatment patient preparation

3. Conduct simple health education briefings and confirm patient safety

4. Infection control

5. Radiation safety and protection

OPA3 Execution of Simulated Positioning

1. Confirm assistive devices, execute positioning, and set up instrument operations

2. Complete positioning procedures according to medical orders

3. Patient safety care and management

4. Handling of adverse events

5. Provide patients with health education explanations

6. Environmental cleaning and maintenance

7. Handover of patient-related information

EPA2 Remote Radiation Therapy

OPA1 Pre-Treatment Preparation

1. Perform quality assurance operations

2. Confirm medical orders, patient identification, and pre-procedural patient preparation

3. Provide health education instructions and confirm patient safety

4. Infection control

5. Radiation safety and protection

OPA2 Administer radiation therapy

1. Confirmation of assistive devices, positioning implementation, and instrument operation settings

2. Execution of image-guided verification

3. Completion of treatment procedures as per medical orders

4. Patient safety care and management

5. Handling of exceptional incidents

OPA3 Post-treatment management

1. Provide patients with health education explanations

2. Environmental cleaning and maintenance

3. Handover of patient-related information

Nuclear Medicine

EPA

OPA

Specifications

EPA1 Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan

OPA1 Pre-examination Preparation

1. Implementation of quality assurance procedures

2. Verification of medical orders and patient identification

3. Provision of preliminary health education and risk assessment

4. Infection control measures

5. Radiation safety and protection

OPA2 Conducting Imaging Examinations

1. Instrument positioning and related parameter settings

2. Completion of positron imaging procedures according to medical orders

3. Execution of computed tomography attenuation correction

4. Patient safety care and emergency situation management

5. Assessment and management of other abnormal situations (including team communication)

OPA3 Post-Examination Procedures

1. Post-examination patient education

2. Environmental cleaning and maintenance

3. Image quality control and abnormal situation management

4. Radiation dose reporting

5. Radiation protection monitoring in the workplace

EPA2 Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) examination

OPA1Pre-examination Preparation

1. Execution of quality assurance operations

2. Confirmation of medical orders and patient identification

3. Preliminary health education briefing and risk assessment

4. Infection control

5. Radiation safety and protection

OPA2 Conducting Imaging Examinations

1. Setting of instrument-related parameters

2. Completion of single-photon imaging procedures according to medical orders

3. Patient safety care and management of emergencies

4. Assessment and management of other abnormal situations (including team communication)

OPA3 Post-Examination Procedures

1. Post-examination patient education

2. Environmental cleaning and maintenance

3. Image quality control and management of abnormal situations

4. Radiation protection monitoring in the workplace