Table 2 Reliability analysis and mean scores of the modified community of inquiry (COI) survey

Overall Survey items (n = 32)

Cronbach’s Alpha: 0.88

4.03 ± 0.29

Individual Sub-scales

Total TP items (n = 13)

Cronbach’s Alpha: 0.78

4.25 ± 0.22

 TP1

4.43 ± 0.50

0.765

 TP2

4.46 ± 0.51

0.774

 TP3

4.49 ± 0.65

0.754

 TP4

4.62 ± 0.54

0.776

 TP5

4.11 ± 0.61

0.749

 TP6

4.24 ± 0.55

0.766

 TP7

4.08 ± 0.60

0.787

 TP8

4.24 ± 0.55

0.785

 TP9

4.05 ± 0.88

0.750

 TP10

3.92 ± 0.80

0.784

 TP11

4.16 ± 0.65

0.786

 TP12

4.03 ± 0.90

0.751

 TP13

4.41 ± 0.55

0.791

Total SP items (n = 7)

Cronbach’s Alpha: 0.75

3.71 ± 0.23

 SP1

3.62 ± 0.83

0.716

 SP2

3.43 ± 1.01

0.699

 SP3

3.92 ± 0.76

0.711

 SP4

3.81 ± 0.88

0.691

 SP5

3.57 ± 0.96

0.724

 SP6

3.65 ± 0.82

0.751

 SP7

4.14 ± 0.75

0.738

Total CP items (n = 12)

Cronbach’s Alpha: 0.87

3.97 ± 0.16

 CP1

3.92 ± 0.64

0.871

 CP2

3.76 ± 0.68

0.862

 CP3

3.95 ± 0.88

0.854

 CP4

4.00 ± 0.88

0.861

 CP5

4.32 ± 0.63

0.858

 CP6

3.92 ± 0.72

0.871

 CP7

4.05 ± 0.57

0.862

 CP8

3.95 ± 0.52

0.870

 CP9

4.08 ± 0.49

0.865

 CP10

3.73 ± 0.87

0.865

 CP11

3.86 ± 0.79

0.852

 CP12

4.14 ± 0.82

0.858