Table 1 Items and factor loading related to the extracted factors

Factor 1:

Adherence to the principles of copyright

I follow the principles of copyright (I inform my students about the references of the content I present).

If I use educational content (PowerPoint slides, books, etc.) created by other individuals, I mention their names in my files.

Prior to using educational content created by other individuals, I get permission from the creators.

I buy educational content from legal websites.

I never present educational content created by other individuals under my own name.

I am aware of the principles of ethics in online learning.

Factor 2:

Adherence to educational principles

I conduct my online classes according to the established syllabi.

I present educational materials according to a lesson plan.

In developing a lesson plan, I consider the topics in the syllabi.

I answer my students’ questions in online and offline classes in an effective manner.

I give my students access to the educational content from online classes on an offline basis too.

I make sure that the educational content I present is of high quality and up to date.

I inform my students about the class regulations in online classes.

I start my online classes on time.

I always treat my students with respect and dignity in my online classes.

Factor 3:

Justice in evaluation

I evaluate my students and correct their homework carefully on a timely basis.

In my evaluation of my students in online classes, I consider their active participation.

I observe educational justice in grading my students’ work.

I carefully check my students’ homework for plagiarism and give appropriate feedback to the offenders.

I try to minimize the possibility of cheating on online exams to give everyone equal chances.