Effect of virtual reality training to enhance laparoscopic assistance skills

BMC Medical Education

Table 4 Comparison of surgical level scores before and after the training course among OR nurses, clinical medical postgraduate students, and residents

			Initial Performance	Performance After Training Course	t	P
OR nurses	Navigation training module	Camera navigation	65.07 ± 10.118	90.26 ± 5.223	-14.854	< 0.001
	Task training module	Peg transfer	67.30 ± 7.482	86.96 ± 6.358	-14.099	< 0.001
	Coordination training module	Coordination	69.04 ± 6.897	89.37 ± 4.289	-15.226	< 0.001
	Surgical skills training module	Fine dissection	67.93 ± 5.327	88.26 ± 4.579	-17.590	< 0.001
Students	Navigation training module	Camera navigation	68.97 ± 9.676	91.77 ± 5.959	-14.765	< 0.001
	Task training module	Peg transfer	68.65 ± 6.264	88.81 ± 4.324	-15.707	< 0.001
	Coordination training module	Coordination	68.68 ± 7.782	88.71 ± 4.043	-14.300	< 0.001
	Surgical skills training module	Fine dissection	72.58 ± 6.054	90.87 ± 4.113	-14.333	< 0.001
Residents	Navigation training module	Camera navigation	86.94 ± 4.553	93.50 ± 4.487	-4.565	< 0.001
	Task training module	Peg transfer	79.13 ± 7.813	90.50 ± 3.967	-6.989	< 0.001
	Coordination training module	Coordination	75.88 ± 5.644	92.00 ± 5.342	-8.441	< 0.001
	Surgical skills training module	Fine dissection	81.06 ± 7.113	90.56 ± 4.816	-6.219	< 0.001

ISSN: 1472-6920