Table 3 Comparison of initial training course scores between different groups (OR nurses/Students/Residents)

Navigation training module

Camera navigation

65.07 ± 10.118

68.97 ± 9.676

86.94 ± 4.553

31.476

 < 0.001

Task training module

Peg transfer

67.30 ± 7.482

68.65 ± 6.264

79.13 ± 7.813

15.742

 < 0.001

Coordination training module

Coordination

69.04 ± 6.897

68.68 ± 7.782

75.88 ± 5.644

6.249

0.003

Surgical skills training module

Fine dissection

67.93 ± 5.327

72.58 ± 6.054

81.06 ± 7.113

23.719

 < 0.001