Table 2 Description of the different activities in the Preoperative ISBAR Desktop VR Application

1

Presentation of the ISBAR approach and familiarization with the application and each other

Animation with a voiceover explaining ISBAR and presenting the learning objectives, plus a brief overview of the tasks; instructions on how to use the arrow keys to look around and introduction of the players, represented as avatars with their own names.

2

Sort patient information based on the ISBAR approach

Animation with a voiceover instructing how to sort patient information based on ISBAR. Instructions on buttons for each ISBAR category to select where to sort provided patient information. Opportunity provided to delete patient information and sort again. ISBAR explanation available.

3

Discussion of experience with sorting

A screen displays the percentage of correct patient information sorted. A comparison of how the players sorted information is provided, and suggestions on correct sorting are available.

4

Presentation of the patient case and the professionals’ roles, and selection of the role to play

Animation with a voiceover presenting a patient case, involving three roles (nurse on night shift, nurse on day shift, and nurse anesthetist), and instructing on how to choose a role. When one player selects a role, it is no longer available to other players.

5

Handover role play

Animation with a voiceover instructing how to complete the handover. Players give and receive patient information using ISBAR sequentially. A list of all patient information and a phone are visible for the player providing patient information during the handover, and this player is instructed to mark the patient information to present first. The phone and a handover checklist are visible to the receiver of the handover. The active role player’s screen is visible to the third player not taking part in the specific handover. Explanations of ISBAR and the role playing are available.

7

Debriefing 1 – general

Animation with a voiceover describing what to do during the debriefing session. Text stating that they should discuss how each participant experienced performing the tasks in general and that they will discuss each handover in detail afterward.

8

Debriefing 2 – each player

Animation with a voiceover with instructions on how to debrief what each participant chose to highlight and say first during the handover. A screen displays a list of all patient information, highlighting the patient information that the participant marked as the information to present first. Suggested bullet points on what to discuss during the debriefing are visible. An ISBAR explanation is available.

9

Encouragement to play again

Animation with a voiceover encourages the player to practice again. A screen provides two options: practice again or end the session.