Table 3 Comparison of total scores and dimensions of the Game Flow Experience Questionnaire for students in the test group before and after participation(Mean ± SD)
Item | Pre‑test score | Post‑test score | t | P-value | Cohen’s d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A sense of control | 15.88 ± 1.03 | 20.85 ± 1.23 | -23.59 | ＜0.001 | 3.684 |
Telepresence | 14.78 ± 0.99 | 17.46 ± 0.87 | -14.41 | ＜0.001 | 2.250 |
A distorted sense of time | 9.51 ± 1.03 | 12.88 ± 0.78 | -17.10 | ＜0.001 | 2.671 |
Enjoyable feelings | 9.41 ± 1.02 | 12.88 ± 0.93 | -17.24 | ＜0.001 | 2.692 |
Being unconscious of irrelevant surroundings | 13.68 ± 1.08 | 17.22 ± 0.91 | -15.08 | ＜0.001 | 2.355 |
Game flow experience | 63.27 ± 2.48 | 81.29 ± 2.49 | -33.63 | ＜0.001 | 5.253 |