Table 3 Distribution of scale mean scores according to characteristics of nursing students (n = 741)

Sex

 Female

74.83 ± 8.05

76.56 ± 9.15

 Male

71.98 ± 9.31

75.70 ± 9.91

t

3.565

0.964

p

 < 0.001

0.335

Grade

 Freshman

76.60 ± 8.64

76.09 ± 9.31

 Sophomore

74.07 ± 8.02

76.70 ± 10.32

 Junior

72.91 ± 7.75

75.85 ± 7.59^b

 Senior

71.50 ± 10.20^b

81.86 ± 12.47

F

9.429

3.736

p

 < 0.001

0.011

Only-child status

 Yes

74.59 ± 8.67

76.33 ± 10.42

 No

74.24 ± 8.24

76.44 ± 8.87

t

0.510

0.138

p

0.610

0.890

Choice of nursing profession

 Chose actively

75.08 ± 8.39

76.99 ± 9.33

 Transfer

73.07 ± 8.15

75.44 ± 9.15

t

3.176

2.207

p

0.002

0.028

Situation of learning stress

 Low

75.38 ± 10.21

78.23 ± 10.49

 Medium

74.25 ± 8.19

76.30 ± 8.85

 High

74.17 ± 8.03

76.06 ± 9.80

F

0.605

1.509

P

0.547

0.222

Frequency of communication with health-related major students

 Never

73.16 ± 7.94^b

73.86 ± 8.89^b

 Occasionally

74.24 ± 8.32

76.70 ± 9.39

 Regularly

77.23 ± 8.79

78.39 ± 8.17

F

4.898

5.920

P

0.008

0.003