Fig. 3

Overview of categories and themes emerging from students’ open-ended survey results. Legend: Review of student comments revealed that both modules were appreciated by students, while the game elements also added value. Students found that both modules conveyed valuable information in an engaging, enjoyable, effective, and efficient manner. Overall, students preferred either module to alternative prework. Feedback for future improvements was similar for both modules and included adding more control for the video portions of the module. The unique elements found in the gamified module added value by boosting student enjoyment and engagement