Table 2 Relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and perceived self-efficacy across four domains among respondents (N = 85)

Age [years]

30 to 39

2.39(0.46)

0.735

2.32(0.44)

0.494

2.00(0.76)

0.088

1.73(0.99)

0.547

40 and above

2.35(0.49)

2.39(0.49)

2.27(0.64)

1.86(0.89)

Gender

Male

2.45(0.52)

0.268

2.40(0.50)

0.447

1.93(0.84)

0.056

1.52(1.08)

0.038

Female

2.33(0.45)

2.32(0.45)

2.24(0.61)

1.96(0.83)

Type of institution

Public

2.41(0.40)

0.266

2.38(0.40)

0.486

2.20(0.68)

0.121

1.91(0.89)

0.068

Private

2.29(0.64)

2.29(0.63)

1.93(0.79)

1.48(1.04)

Residence

Urban

2.42(0.42)

0.066

2.38(0.42)

0.247

2.09(0.74)

0.411

1.77(0.97)

0.66

Rural

2.18(0.64)

2.24(0.63)

2.25(0.62)

1.88(0.87)

Level of education

Bachelor’s degree

2.24(0.44)

0.15

2.25(0.38)

0.287

2.04(0.68)

0.545

1.68(0.97)

0.534

Master’s degree

2.42(0.48)

2.38(0.49)

2.15(0.73)

1.83(0.94)

Educational background

Midwife

2.41(0.40)

0.573

2.40(0.38)

0.45

2.44(0.41)

0.001

2.35(0.42)

< 0.001

Nurse

2.34(0.52)

2.32(0.52)

1.91(0.79)

1.42(1.02)

Academic Rank

Tutorial assistant

2.30(0.45)

0.609

2.35(0.42)

0.638

2.19(0.68)

0.273

1.78(0.94)

0.498

Assistant lecturer

2.40(0.48)

2.34(0.49)

2.13(0.74)

1.83(0.96)

Lecturer

2.37(0.47)

2.57(0.46)

1.57(0.51)

1.25(0.96)

Work experience in nursing/midwifery education

< 6 years

2.07(0.51)

0.003

2.08(0.45)

0.001

2.06(0.62)

0.04

1.81(0.87)

0.027

6 to 10 years

2.28(0.50)

2.28(0.53)

1.84(0.81)

1.38(1.00)

11 to 15 years

2.39(0.42)

2.32(0.37)

2.28(0.59)

2.01(0.81)

> 15 years

2.74(0.29)

2.77(0.29)

2.40(0.67)

2.12(0.97)

Work experience in clinical setting

< 6 years

2.29(0.53)

0.088

2.27(0.49)

0.046

2.02(0.73)

0.309

2.07(0.54)

0.129

6 to 10 years

2.59(0.34)

2.61(0.33)

2.32(0.71)

2.37(0.50)

> 10 years

2.38(0.39)

2.34(0.44)

2.19(0.68)

2.20(0.95)

Teaching experience in other fields

Yes

2.38(0.49)

0.785

2.40(0.48)

0.286

2.03(0.75)

0.192

1.69(1.0)

0.291

No

2.35(0.46)

2.29(0.45)

2.24(0.66)

1.92(0.86)

Participant’ institution according to religious identity

Protestant

2.26(0.69)

0.513

2.24(0.67)

0.503

1.86(0.78)

0.216

1.31(0.95)

0.051

Catholic

2.34(0.43)

2.47(0.42)

2.16(0.88)

2.08(1.21)

Non-religious

2.41(0.39)

2.37(0.40)

2.20(0.67)

1.91(0.89)