Table 3 Comparison of PHEEM items between male and female postgraduate trainees

General items

Total PHEEM

101.02 ± 39.95

95.41 ± 36.23

.985

Role Autonomy

34.17 ± 14.76

34.33 ± 12.62

Teaching

42.2 ± 14.35

37.2 ± 13.27

Social Support

24.65 ± 10.84

23.88 ± 10.34

Specific items

#19: I have good clinical supervision at all times

2.7 ± 1.0

2.1 ± 0.94

.005

#20: I get regular feedback from seniors

2.6 ± 1.2

2.1 ± 1.2

.037

#23: The clinical teachers provide me with good feedback on my strengths and weaknesses

2.5 ± 1.1

2.0 ± 1.2

.028

#24: I am able to participate actively in educational events

3.2 ± 0.72

2.6 ± 0.62

.002

#26: My clinical teachers are accessible

3.0 ± 1.0

2.6 ± 1.1

.049

#28: My clinical teachers have good teaching skills

3.1 ± 0.82

2.7 ± 0.77

.036

#40: I have good collaboration with other residents

3.3 ± 0.75

2.9 ± 0.76

.029