Fig. 2

The 3DMMI fusion image of a typical pelvic bone tumor case: (a) preoperative pelvic X-ray image, (b) Pelvic 3D CT, (c) 3D-CT angiography, (d) contrast-enhanced MRI displaying the tumor and its soft tissue boundaries, (e) diffusion tensor imaging of the sacral plexus, and (f) whole-body nuclear medicine bone scanning (ECT). (g1) The anterolateral view displays a lesion extending from the periacetabulum to the level of the kidney, involving the sacrum. The right external iliac vessels and ureter remain unaffected due to the protection provided by the iliacus muscle and psoas major muscle. Abbreviations: K, kidney; M, muscle; N, nerve; T, tumor; V, vein; A, artery; B, bone. (g2-3) The posterior perspective images using pelvic transparency techniques, allowing clear visualization of internal anatomical structures within the pelvis. A significant tumor is observed, with penetration of the second and third sacral nerves, indicating neural encroachment. (g4) The 3D reconstructed image displays the relationship between the anterior thigh blood vessels and the tumor. (g5) Hide other non-interest areas and observe the relationship between the tumor and blood vessels and nerves. (g6) Observe the relationship between the tumor and other surrounding structures through cross-sectional views