Table 2 Agreement response types for each item, displayed as counts and percentages (within group), along with significance test for difference between group 1 and group 2 responses

Item

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

M

SD

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

M

SD

X²

t

U

1. VR instruction made expectations clear

2 (16.67)

1 (8.33)

3 (25.00)

6 (50.00)

0 (0)

0.08

1.16

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

4 (36.36)

7 (63.64)

1.64

0.50

0.002

0.001

< 0.001

2. VR hardness and texture felt similar to natural teeth

1 (8.33)

7 (58.33)

2 (16.67)

2 (16.67)

0 (0)

-0.58

0.90

2 (18.18)

2 (18.18)

4 (36.36)

2 (18.18)

1 (9.09)

-0.18

1.25

0.405

0.392

0.385

3. VR hardness and texture felt similar acrylic teeth

2 (16.67)

7 (58.33)

1 (8.33)

2 (16.67)

0 (0)

-0.75

0.97

1 (9.09)

7 (63.64)

1 (9.09)

1 (9.09)

1 (9.09)

-0.55

1.13

> 0.999

0.647

0.700

4. VR anatomy and imagery accurately simulated real structures

0 (0)

0 (0)

2 (16.67)

6 (50.00)

4 (33.33)

1.17

0.72

0 (0)

2 (18.18)

2 (18.18)

3 (27.27)

4 (36.36)

0.82

1.17

0.519

0.406

0.580

5. VR cavity preparation was easier than acrylic teeth

1 (8.33)

3 (25.00)

1 (8.33)

5 (41.67)

2 (16.67)

0.33

1.30

3 (27.27)

2 (18.18)

4 (36.36)

1 (9.09)

1 (9.09)

-0.45

1.29

0.249

0.161

0.157

6. VR training improved my fine motor skills

1 (8.33)

4 (33.33)

3 (25)

4 (33.33)

0 (0)

-0.17

1.03

2 (18.18)

3 (27.27)

3 (27.27)

3 (27.27)

0 (0)

-0.36

1.12

> 0.999

0.666

0.701

7. VR training improved my confidence in cavity preparation

1 (8.33)

3 (25.00)

3 (25.00)

5 (41.67)

0 (0)

0.00

1.04

0 (0)

2 (18.18)

3 (27.27)

4 (36.36)

2 (18.18)

0.55

1.04

0.677

0.223

0.274

8. VR training was useful in self-training of manual dexterity

0 (0)

1 (8.33)

3 (25.00)

8 (66.67)

0 (0)

0.58

0.67

0 (0)

1 (9.09)

4 (36.36)

4 (36.36)

2 (18.18)

0.64

0.92

0.417

0.877

> 0.999

9. VR training was useful in evaluating my manual dexterity skills

0 (0)

1 (8.33)

1 (8.33)

6 (50.00)

4 (33.33)

1.08

0.9

0 (0)

4 (36.36)

1 (9.09)

4 (36.36)

2 (18.18)

0.36

1.21

0.523

0.124

0.151

10. VR grip simulation was similar physical grip when drilling acrylic teeth

0 (0)

7 (58.33)

3 (25.00)

1 (8.33)

1 (8.33)

-0.33

0.98

5 (45.45)

2 (18.18)

1 (9.09)

2 (18.18)

1 (9.09)

-0.73

1.49

0.051

0.469

0.262

11. I prefer to start training on the acrylic teeth prior to the VR training

2 (16.67)

6 (50.00)

1 (8.33)

1 (8.33)

2 (16.67)

-0.42

1.38

0 (0)

1 (9.09)

3 (27.27)

3 (27.27)

4 (36.36)

0.91

1.04

0.081

0.017

0.021

12. VR training may be used to supplement standard pre-clinical training

0 (0)

1 (8.33)

1 (8.33)

2 (16.67)

8 (66.67)

1.42

1.00

0 (0)

2 (18.18)

2 (18.18)

6 (54.55)

1 (9.09)

0.55

0.93

0.037

0.042

0.021

13. VR training can replace standard pre-clinical training

7 (58.33)

5 (41.67)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

-1.58

0.51

8 (72.73)

3 (27.27)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

-1.73

0.47

0.670

0.490

0.502

14. I would like to have more VR sessions on cavity preparations

2 (16.67)

3 (25.00)

3 (25.00)

1 (8.33)

3 (25.00)

0.00

1.48

1 (9.09)

2 (18.18)

6 (54.55)

1 (9.09)

1 (9.09)

-0.09

1.04

0.777

0.866

 > 0.999