Table 2 Standard components of feedback from other models incorporated into the memory clinic feedback model

Carone et al. [8]

Sharing invalid test results

1. Describe conclusions based on objective data.

2. Describe test results in the context of comparing the patient’s scores to groups of patients with various degrees of neurological disease.

3. Debrief with the patient about the content and process of the feedback session (e.g., answering questions and addressing concerns).

Carone et al. [9]

Traumatic brain injury

1. Inquire about/address patient anxieties and concerns about the evaluation.

2. Review diagnosis.

3. Discuss prognosis.

4. Discuss factors that can contribute to symptom presentation.

5. Review treatment options.

Carone et al. [10]

Normal neuropsychological test results

1. Explain to the patient that a thorough and comprehensive report has been completed.

2. Review test scores with the patient and explain how scores were compared to individuals in a normative samples with similar education levels.

3. Review recommendations.

Gass & Brown [11]

General neuropsychological practice

1. Review the purpose of testing.

2. Define the tests as behavioral samples that represent important domains of daily functioning.

3. Explain the test results.

4. Describe the patient's strengths and weaknesses.

5. Address diagnosis and prognosis.

6. Make recommendations.

Gorske & Smith [12]

General neuropsychological practice

1. Set the agenda for the feedback session.

2. Discuss the patient’s strengths and weaknesses.

3. Elicit the patient’s reaction to the test results.

4. Link test performance to real-world functioning.

5. Utilize motivational interviewing techniques.

6. Discuss recommendations.

Postal & Armstrong [13]

General neuropsychological practice

1. Reorient the patient and family to the purpose of the evaluation.

2. Gather more information to solidify formulation.

3. Lead with the bottom line.

4. Share the data/results to the patient.