Table 1 Evaluation framework for assessing the level of internalisation of health advocacy
Level of internalisation | Description | Core assumptions | Sample action |
|---|---|---|---|
Level 1: Understanding Pharmacist | Comprehends the concept of health advocacy and its importance | Informed of pharmacists’ role in advocating for health as healthcare providers | Is aware of the need to promote healthy living |
Level 2: Personally Responsible Pharmacist | Advocates for the individual | Acts as a socially responsible healthcare provider and educates patients through counselling and advising | Educates patients on lifestyle modifications, attempts to understand patients’ beliefs and addresses patients’ health-related misconceptions |
Level 3: Participatory Pharmacist | Advocates for the community | Actively participates and/or initiates programmes for the community | Organises nationwide campaigns to promote healthy living |
Level 4: Justice-Oriented Pharmacist | Ideates innovative strategies to solve public health issues on a societal level by addressing root causes | Critically evaluates social, economic, and political systems to identify and address underlying causes of health inequity by initiating system-wide changes | Understands the barriers to cultivating healthy living habits and overcomes them by implementing healthy eating policies in schools and workplaces |