Table 1 Characteristic of included studies
From: Effectiveness of flipped classroom in pharmacy education – a meta-analysis
NO. | Study ID | Sample | Study design | Country of Origin | Source | Participants (level/course) | Format of outcome | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CG | IG | ||||||||
1 | Prescott, et al. 2016 | comp1 | 108 | 123 | Historical control | US | Journal | 1st year PharmD/Patient Assessment 1 | Course grade |
comp2 | 97 | 129 | Historical control | US | Journal | 2nd year PharmD/Patient Assessment 2 | Course grade | ||
2 | He, et al. 2019 | 56 | 81 | RCT | CN | Journal | Undergraduate/Pharmaceutical Marketing and Management | Exam score (5 short open-ended questions, 10MCQs and 2 essays) | |
3 | Kangwantas, et al. 2017 | 21 | 29 | Historical control | Thailand | Journal | 2nd year pharmD/Fundamental Nutrition | Final exam scores (MCQs) | |
4 | Gloudeman, et al. 2018 | 104 | 102 | Historical control | US | Journal | 1st year pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Calculation | Exam scores (13 calculation exam questions) | |
5 | Goh, et al. 2019 | 74 | 63 | Historical control | Malaysia | Journal | 2nd year pharmacy/Dosage Form | Exam scores (5 MCQs and 2 essay) | |
6 | Taglieri, et al. 2017 | 283 | 305 | Historical control | US | Journal | 3rd year PharmD/Over-the-Counter Drugs, Self-Care Products | Course grade | |
7 | Lockman, et al. 2017 | 156 | 162 | Historical control | US | Journal | 1st year PharmD/Pharmacology and Therapeutics | OSCE AND Final exam scores (MCQs) | |
8 | Koo, et al. 2016 | 89 | 89 | Historical control | US | Journal | 2nd year PharmD/Integrated Pharmacotherapy | Final exam scores (MCQs) | |
9 | Munson, et al. 2015 | 125 | 113 | Historical control | US | Journal | 1st professional year pharmacy/Essentials of Pharmacogenomics | Final exam (10 blended questions) | |
10 | Wong, et al. 2014 | comp1 | 105 | 101 | Historical control | US | Journal | 1st year pharmacy/Cardiac Arrhythmias (basic sciences) | Final exam scores (MCQs) |
comp2 | 105 | 101 | Historical control | US | Journal | 1st year pharmacy/Cardiac Arrhythmias(pharmacology) | Final exam scores (MCQs) | ||
comp3 | 105 | 101 | Historical control | US | Journal | 1st year pharmacy/Cardiac Arrhythmias(therapeutics) | Final exam scores (MCQs) | ||
11 | Bossaer, et al. 2016 | 72 | 76 | Historical control | US | Journal | 3rd professional year/Pharmacotherapy | Final exam score (15 matching questions, 60 MCQs) | |
12 | Cotta, et al. 2016 | 165 | 151 | Historical control | US | Journal | 1st year pharmacy students/Pharmaceutical Calculations | Final exam scores (Short answer or fill-in-blanks) | |
13 | McLaughlin, et al. 2014 | 153 | 162 | Historical control | US | Journal | 1st year PharmD/Basic Pharmaceutics | Final exam scores (MCQs) | |
14 | McLaughlin, et al. 2013 | 13 | 22 | Historical control | US | Journal | 1st year pharmacy/Basic Pharmaceutics II | Final exam scores (MCQs) | |
15 | Pierce, et al. 2012 | 68 | 71 | Historical control | US | Journal | Undergraduate and Graduate/Renal Pharmacotherapy Module | Final exam scores (MCQs) | |
16 | Stewart, et al. 2013 | 65 | 71 | Historical control | US | Journal | PharmD/Pharmacotherapy Course Module | Final exam scores (MCQs) | |
17 | Donihi, et al. 2014 | 123 | 133 | Historical control | US | Conference | 2nd year PharmD/Gastroenterology, Nutrition | Final exam scores (MCQs) | |
18 | Sumanasekera, et al. 2020 | comp1 | 91 | 73 | Historical control | US | Journal | 2nd year pharmacy/Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry-Hypertension | Final exam scores (8 to 12 MCQs) |
comp2 | 91 | 73 | Historical control | US | Journal | 2nd year pharmacy/Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry-Kidney and Diuretics | Final exam scores (8 to 12 MCQs) | ||
comp3 | 91 | 73 | Historical control | US | Journal | 2nd year pharmacy/Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry-Diabetes | Final exam scores (8 to 12 MCQs) | ||
comp4 | 91 | 73 | Historical control | US | Journal | 2nd year pharmacy/Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry-Cardiovascular | Final exam scores (8 to 12 MCQs) | ||
19 | Nazar, et al. 2019 | 63 | 69 | Historical control | Qatar | Journal | Master of Pharmacy/Pharmacy Law | Final exam scores (MCQs) | |
20 | Anderson, et al. 2017 | 32 | 38 | Quasi -experiment | US | Journal | 1st year pharmacy /Pharmaceutical Calculations | OSCE | |
21 | Chen, et al. 2020 | 44 | 49 | Quasi -experiment | CN | Journal | Associate program/Medicinal Botany | Final exam scores | |
22 | Wang, et al. 2019 | 30 | 30 | Quasi -experiment | CN | Journal | Undergraduate/Individualized Medication of Cardiovascular Drugs | Final exam scores | |