Fig. 1

A: What is your opinion on the importance of the curriculum? B: Is there any conflict between the curriculum and your clinical work, scientific research, or other arrangements? C: What is the level of difficulty of the curriculum? D: What is your assessment of the teaching effectiveness of our postgraduate curriculum? E: What is your opinion on class attendance policy? F: How often do you arrive late or leave early in class? G: To what extent does using electronic devices in class affect your learning? Abbreviations: NS indicates non-surgical subgroup, and S indicates surgical subgroup. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. ns means no significance