From: Ethics education among obstetrics and gynecologists in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Characteristics | Formal bioethics education | Informal bioethics education | Total | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Medical school | Residency programs | Sub-specialty Programs | Postgraduate programs | Conferences | Online training | Courses & workshops | Daily practice | Self-learning |  | ||
Gender | Male | N | 49 | 16 | 12 | 11 | 26 | 24 | 20 | 32 | 50 | 130 |
% | 37.7 | 12.3 | 9.2 | 8.5 | 20 | 18.5 | 15.4 | 24.6 | 38.5 | 33.25 | ||
Female | N | 88 | 30 | 5 | 17 | 48 | 26 | 30 | 49 | 74 | 257 | |
% | 34.2 | 11.7 | 1.9 | 6.6 | 18.7 | 10.1 | 11.7 | 19.1 | 28.8 | 65.73 | ||
Pearson Chi-Square Table | 0.503 | 0.855 | 0.001* | 0.508 | 0.755 | 0.021* | 0.304 | 0.205 | 0.054 | - | ||
Marital status | Married | N | 84 | 33 | 16 | 27 | 54 | 34 | 44 | 72 | 86 | 291 |
% | 28.9 | 11.3 | 5.5 | 9.3 | 18.6 | 11.7 | 15.1 | 24.7 | 29.6 | 74.42 | ||
Single | N | 28 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 6 | 5 | 18 | 60 | |
% | 46.7 | 13.3 | 0 | 0 | 21.7 | 16.7 | 10 | 8.3 | 30 | 15.35 | ||
Others | N | 23 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 20 | 34 | |
% | 67.6 | 11.8 | 2.9 | 0 | 20.6 | 17.6 | 5.9 | 11.8 | 58.8 | 8.70 | ||
Pearson Chi-Square | 0 | 0.909 | 0.153 | 0.009* | 0.837 | 0.405 | 0.226 | 0.007* | 0.002 | - | ||
Age |  < 30 | N | 41 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 13 | 6 | 10 | 24 | 71 |
% | 57.7 | 14.1 | 0 | 1.4 | 21.1 | 18.3 | 8.5 | 14.1 | 33.8 | 18.16 | ||
30–39 | N | 52 | 19 | 4 | 11 | 28 | 14 | 15 | 28 | 48 | 140 | |
% | 37.1 | 13.6 | 2.9 | 7.9 | 20 | 10 | 10.7 | 20 | 34.3 | 35.81 | ||
40–49 | N | 30 | 13 | 9 | 7 | 17 | 14 | 18 | 25 | 33 | 104 | |
% | 28.8 | 12.5 | 8.7 | 6.7 | 16.3 | 13.5 | 17.3 | 24 | 31.7 | 26.60 | ||
 =  > 50 | N | 14 | 4 | 4 | 9 | 14 | 9 | 13 | 17 | 19 | 72 | |
% | 19.4 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 12.5 | 19.4 | 12.5 | 18.1 | 23.6 | 26.4 | 18.41 | ||
Pearson Chi-Square | 0* | 0.321 | 0.032* | 0.083 | 0.855 | 0.402 | 0.167 | 0.389 | 0.685 | - | ||
Nationality | Saudi Arabian | N | 88 | 21 | 12 | 8 | 46 | 30 | 3 | 40 | 71 | 213 |
% | 41.3 | 9.9 | 5.6 | 3.8 | 21.6 | 14.1 | 0.8 | 18.8 | 33.3 | 54.48 | ||
Non-Saudi Arabian | N | 47 | 23 | 5 | 20 | 27 | 19 | 8 | 40 | 50 | 168 | |
% | 28 | 13.7 | 3 | 11.9 | 16.1 | 11.3 | 6.7 | 23.8 | 29.8 | 42.97 | ||
Pearson Chi-Square | 0.007* | 0.245 | 0.212 | 0.002* | 0.174 | 0.422 | 0.095 | 0.231 | 0.457 | - | ||
Religion | Muslim | N | 128 | 39 | 15 | 27 | 70 | 42 | 50 | 79 | 116 | 371 |
% | 34.5 | 10.5 | 4 | 7.3 | 18.9 | 11.3 | 13.5 | 21.3 | 31.3 | 94.88 | ||
Non-Muslim | N | 8 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 13 | |
% | 61.5 | 38.5 | 7.7 | 0 | 23.1 | 46.2 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 46.2 | 3.32 | ||
Pearson Chi-Square | 0.045* | 0.002* | 0.518 | 0.313 | 0.704 | 0* | 0.546 | 0.235 | 0.257 | - | ||
Position | Resident | N | 61 | 18 | 0 | 4 | 24 | 12 | 11 | 19 | 41 | 101 |
% | 60.4 | 17.8 | 0 | 4 | 23.8 | 11.9 | 10.9 | 18.8 | 40.6 | 25.83 | ||
Registrar/Specialist | N | 46 | 17 | 2 | 14 | 24 | 16 | 21 | 34 | 36 | 126 | |
% | 36.5 | 13.5 | 1.6 | 11.1 | 19 | 12.7 | 16.7 | 27 | 28.6 | 32.23 | ||
Consultant | N | 29 | 11 | 15 | 10 | 26 | 22 | 20 | 27 | 47 | 119 | |
% | 24.4 | 9.2 | 12.6 | 8.4 | 21.8 | 18.5 | 16.8 | 22.7 | 39.5 | 30.43 | ||
Pearson Chi-Square | 0* | 0.174 | 0* | 0.144 | 0.682 | 0.298 | 0.384 | 0.346 | 0.101 | - | ||
Board certification | Arab Board | N | 11 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 15 | 41 |
% | 26.8 | 9.8 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 19.5 | 17.1 | 12.2 | 7.3 | 36.6 | 10.49 | ||
Saudi Board | N | 26 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 17 | 14 | 7 | 18 | 26 | 71 | |
% | 36.6 | 9.9 | 8.5 | 4.2 | 23.9 | 19.7 | 9.9 | 25.4 | 36.6 | 18.16 | ||
Egyptian (MA, PhD) | N | 12 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 12 | 10 | 27 | |
% | 44.4 | 11.1 | 7.4 | 18.5 | 25.9 | 33.3 | 25.9 | 44.4 | 37 | 6.91 | ||
Jordanian Board | N | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 11 | |
% | 27.3 | 18.2 | 0 | 0 | 18.2 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 27.3 | 2.81 | ||
Canadian Board | N | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 5 | |
% | 20 | 20 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 20 | 40 | 60 | 40 | 1.28 | ||
MRCOG | N | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 17 | |
% | 23.5 | 17.6 | 5.9 | 0 | 29.4 | 23.5 | 11.8 | 35.3 | 47.1 | 4.35 | ||
ABOG | N | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 6 | |
% | 66.7 | 33.3 | 16.7 | 0 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 33.3 | 50 | 1.53 | ||
Pearson Chi-Square | 0.387 | 0.759 | 0.815 | 0.064 | 0.177 | 0.029* | 0.084 | 0.01* | 0.818 | - | ||
Workplace | Tertiary teaching hospital | N | 36 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 27 | 10 | 17 | 29 | 38 | 107 |
% | 33.6 | 10.3 | 6.5 | 3.7 | 25.2 | 9.3 | 15.9 | 27.1 | 35.5 | 27.37 | ||
Governmental teaching hospital | N | 61 | 15 | 3 | 9 | 27 | 16 | 13 | 26 | 51 | 140 | |
% | 43.6 | 10.7 | 2.1 | 6.4 | 19.3 | 11.4 | 9.3 | 18.6 | 36.4 | 35.81 | ||
Private hospital | N | 25 | 6 | 6 | 9 | 11 | 16 | 11 | 14 | 22 | 55 | |
% | 45.5 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 16.4 | 20 | 29.1 | 20 | 25.5 | 40 | 14.07 | ||
Governmental non-teaching hospital | N | 14 | 14 | 1 | 6 | 9 | 8 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 52 | |
% | 26.9 | 26.9 | 1.9 | 11.5 | 17.3 | 15.4 | 21.2 | 23.1 | 25 | 13.30 | ||
Pearson Chi-Square | 0.084 | 0.015* | 0.04* | 0.025* | 0.600 | 0.004* | 0.095 | 0.43 | 0.388 | - | ||
Experience |  < 5 | N | 36 | 8 | 0 | 5 | 15 | 7 | 9 | 16 | 23 | 62 |
% | 58.1 | 12.9 | 0 | 8.1 | 24.2 | 11.3 | 14.5 | 25.8 | 37.1 | 15.86 | ||
5–10 | N | 42 | 17 | 1 | 5 | 23 | 12 | 9 | 19 | 33 | 89 | |
% | 47.2 | 19.1 | 1.1 | 5.6 | 25.8 | 13.5 | 10.1 | 21.3 | 37.1 | 22.76 | ||
 > 10 | N | 56 | 20 | 16 | 18 | 35 | 30 | 31 | 45 | 66 | 192 | |
% | 29.2 | 10.4 | 8.3 | 9.4 | 18.2 | 15.6 | 16.1 | 23.4 | 34.4 | 49.10 | ||
Pearson Chi-Square | 0* | 0.134 | 0.005* | 0.564 | 0.288 | 0.676 | 0.404 | 0.815 | 0.873 | - | ||
Religion |  < 1 per month | N | 116 | 31 | 12 | 19 | 53 | 37 | 33 | 51 | 90 | 309 |
% | 37.50 | 10.00 | 3.90 | 6.10 | 17.20 | 12.00 | 10.70 | 16.50 | 29.10 | 79.03 | ||
1–10 per month | N | 11 | 11 | 3 | 6 | 16 | 8 | 13 | 24 | 25 | 61 | |
% | 18.00 | 18.00 | 4.90 | 9.80 | 26.20 | 13.10 | 21.30 | 39.30 | 41.00 | 15.60 | ||
 > 10 per month | N | 10 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 9 | 21 | |
% | 47.60 | 19.00 | 9.50 | 19.00 | 23.80 | 23.80 | 28.60 | 28.60 | 42.90 | 5.37 | ||
Pearson Chi-Square | 0.007* | 0.118 | 0.458 | 0.068 | 0.214 | 0.29 | 0.009* | 0* | 0.101 | - |