Table 2 Scores on the Evidence-Based Practice Confidence Scale (EPIC) by Timepoint and University (n = 42)

Start (T0)

48.6

(24.8,72.9)

44.6

(14.6, 58.4)

49.1

(37.3, 67.3)

53.6

(36.4, 66.4)

50.0

(35.5, 65.9)

Prior to first clinical experience (T1)

68.2

(54.8,72.9) ^b

60.0

(44.3, 68.0) ^b

65.5

(57.3, 71.8) ^a,b

65.5

(58.7, 79.1) ^{a b}

65.5

(57.3, 72.5) ^a,b

After first clinical experience (T2)

65.9

(57.1, 89.6) ^c

63.6

(59.1, 76.1) ^c

67.3

(58.2, 71.8) ^d

71.8

(54.6, 79.1) ^e

67.3

(58.9, 73.2)^a,e

End of Classroom Instruction (T3)

77.3

(74.1, 84.1)^c

71.8

(62.1, 85.1) ^c

80.0

(77.3, 84.0) ^a,b

78.2

(69.6, 85.5) ^a,b

78.6

(72.0, 84.1) ^a,c

Graduation (T4)

87.3

(83.9, 93.0)^c

78.2

(64.1,82.3) ^d

82.7

(80.0, 89.1)^d

80.9

(76.8, 84.6)^d

81.8

(79.8, 88.2) ^a,d

One year post Graduation (T5)

84.1

(75.7, 92.1) ^f

77.3

(59.1, 88.4) ^d

81.8

(71.8, 88.2) ^e

75.5

(68.2, 81.8)^e

78.2

(70.5, 85.0) ^e