Table 3 Comparison between the VAS self-assessed scores and objective scores resulting from the coded statements on each subscale - Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test

I am highly aware of my own ethnic and cultural identity (VAS self-assessed question).

7.77±2.064

8(4)

‒4.797

< 0.001

Cultural awareness subscale

8.75±1.615

9.00(2)

I am very well informed about the culture and social situation of the majority of my clients (VAS self-assessed question).

5.78±2.018

6(2)

‒5.747

< 0.001

Cultural knowledge subscale

7.27±1.726

7.00(3)

I am very comfortable working with people whose beliefs, values and practices are different from my own (VAS self-assessed question).

6.81±2.342

7(4)

‒3.082^b

0.002

I am very confident of my ability to establish trust, show respect and empathy to all people whatever their culture.

8.36±1.745

9(3)

‒7.082^b

< 0.001

Cultural sensitivity subscale

6.01±1.986

6.00(2)

I am very able to incorporate the clients cultural beliefs into the care and treatment I provide (VAS self-assessed question).

7.53±1.842

8(2)

‒5.179

< 0.001

I am very confident to challenge racism and discrimination towards clients, carers and staff (VAS self-assessed question).

7.51±2.1622

8(4)

‒4.909

< 0.001

Cultural skills subscale

8.68±1.873

10.00(2)