Fig. 4

Usefulness of the prior training.  Simulation group finds their prior training more useful compared to the Lecture group.  Statistically analyzed by Student’s t-test  (1st emergency department duty: mean rate of the simulation group 7.26, and the lecture group 4.96, p  = 0.001. 2nd emergency department duty: mean rate of the simulation group 7.41, and the lecture group  5.16, p  = 0.001. 3rd emergency department duty: mean rate of the simulation group 7.10, and the lecture group 4.94, p  = 0.003)  Whiskers indicate standard deviation values