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Table 1 Categories, subcategories, and codes for the health effect of climate change

From: Exploring medical students’ perceptions and understanding of the health impacts of climate change: a qualitative content analysis

Category

Sub-Category

Code

Environmental effects

Global Warming Impacts

Atmospheric changes, Seasonal weather changes, Climate imbalance, Cold waves, Increase in greenhouse gases, Ozone layer depletion, Temperature inversion, Changes in air temperature, Changes in solar radiation, More absorption of sunlight, Increase in solar radiation, Increase in UV rays, Formation of heat islands, Increase the number of hot days, Heat waves

Environmental Degradation

Submergence of islands, Dust storm, Flooding of rivers, Destruction of forests, Changes in the earth's orbit, Destruction of natural resources, Soil erosion, Increase in salt marshes

Ecosystem

Effect on living organisms, Reduction of vegetation, Extinction of animal species, Extinction of plant species, Increase of insects, Increase of rodents, Extinction of marine creatures, Destruction of marine ecosystem, Change in native ecosystem

Air Pollution

Increase in pollutants, Declining Air Quality, Air pollution

Water Pollution

Groundwater pollution, Declining water quality, Reduced access to safe water, Reduction in potable water, Increase in the need for safe water, Pollution of drinking water, Decrease Environmental health of camps,

Water Supply Chain

Reduction of underground water level, Increase in water evaporation rate, Dams reservoir reduction, annual precipitation reduction, Decrease in drinking water, Increase in non-precipitating clouds, Decrease in water absorption, Inconsistency in seasonal precipitation, Melting of glaciers, Rising sea level,Increase in stagnant water, Unusual rains, Excessive use of underground water

Agriculture And Food Supply

Disturbance in the food chain,loss of livestock, Destruction of farming, Increase in agricultural pests, Food insecurity, Diminished agricultural products quality, Diminished livestock products quality, Decrease in agricultural products, Reduction of livestock products, Inequality in access to food sources, Loss of flowering fruit trees, Salinization of land, Food contamination

Climatic Hazard

Drought, unusual floods, Dust storm, tsunami, Landslide

Socio-economic

Migration And Displacement

Urbanization, Displacement, Forced migration, Living in camps, Lack of shelter

Education

Unmet basic needs, Educational failure, Withdrawal from education, Decreasing health literacy

Occupation

Increase in staying at home, Increase in remote work, Destruction of businesses, Increase in unemployment, Decrease in work efficiency, Decrease in working hours, Increase in days off

Security

Decrease in social security, Decrease in mental security, Entry of wild animals into the city,War, Increasing interpersonal tension

Urban Services And Resource

Injustice in serving, Inequality in access to resource, Disruption of urban planning, Increased need for medical services

Infrastructure

Destruction of houses, Fire, Destruction of health centers, Road closing, Bridges destruction, Destruction of coastal cities, Destruction of treatment plants, Destruction atomic power plants, Destruction of water treatment plants, Destruction of mines, Submergence of cities, Communication infrastructure destruction

Vulnerable Groups

The effect on vulnerable groups, The effect on large families, The effect on the poor people, Damage on poor countries, Increase in addiction

Economic Issue

Decrease in income, Increase in medical costs, Increase in personnel costs, Increase in reconstruction costs, Economic poverty, Decrease in purchasing power, Expensive food, Expensive livestock products, Expensive medicines, Financial losses, Lack of budget, Lack of adaptation of poor people

Health

Health Services

Disturbance in drug delivery, Disruption in aid delivery, Disruption in patient transfer, Diminished treatment quality, Drug shortage, Increase in workload, Decrease in access to health centers, Reducing the focus on patients, Increasing the fatigue of the treatment staff, Increasing the mental pressure of employees, Increasing the number of patients, Pandemics, Increasing diagnostic errors, Increasing the need to drugs, Lack of medical equipment, Lack of hospital beds, Lack of laboratory kits, Lack of health and medical personnel

Personal Hygiene

Reduction of bathing, Lack of proper sanitary facilities, Reduction of oral and dental hygiene, Decreased hygiene of menstruating women, Reduction of personal hygiene

Malnutrition

Malnutrition, Increase in global hunger, Weakening of diet, Decrease in nutrition level, Threat to food security, Reduction of mineral, Lack of vitamins, Reduced growth of children, Exophthalmia, Anemia, Scurvy, Rickets

Mental Disorders

Anxiety disorders, Stress, Depression, Schizophrenia, PTSD, Suicide, Depression, Reduced life expectancy, Reduced interpersonal communication

Communicable Disease

Increase in common diseases with livestock, Malt fever, Swine flu, Bird flu, Rabies, Hydatid cyst, Colds, Cholera, Gastroenteritis, Tuberculosis, Hepatitis, Tetanus, Amoebas, Increase in fungal diseases, Outbreak of new diseases, The prevalence of diseases subject to eradication

Vector Borne Disease

Salek, Crimean Congo fever, Malaria, Lyme, Leishmania, plague, Rabbit fever

Non- Communicable Disease

Cardiac diseases: Increased heart attack, Increased heart failure, Increased arrhythmia, Increased blood pressure

Non-infectious skin diseases: Skin cancers, Sunburns, Increased lentigo, Increased skin sensitivity

Lung diseases: Asthma, COPD, Lung cancer, Bronchiolitis

Neonatal diseases and abnormalities: Increase in newborn malformations, Increase in congenital disorders, Increase in mental disabilities, Increase in physical disabilities, Decrease in IQ, Increase in premature births, Increase in MMR, Decrease in the body's immune system

Injuries And Trauma: Frostbite, Heatstroke, Increased electrolyte disorders, Scorpion sting, Snake bite, Increased mortality, Dehydration, Increased trauma, Increase in seizures, Increase in animal bites, Increase in burns, Increase in fractures, Drowning, increase in accidents