From: Effect of problem-based learning tutor seniority on medical students’ emotions: an equivalence study
Faculty (n = 53) | Peer tutor (n = 90) | Mean difference | 95% confidence interval | Equivalence margin | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive activating emotions, mean (SD) | 3.04 (0.69) | 3.01 (0.62) | –0.03 | –0.22 to 0.15 | –0.4 to 0.4 |
Positive deactivating emotions, mean (SD) | 3.02 (0.98) | 2.93 (0.90) | –0.09 | –0.35 to 0.18 | –0.4 to 0.4 |
Negative activating emotions, mean (SD) | 2.11 (0.81) | 2.12 (0.60) | 0.01 | –0.20 to 0.22 | –0.4 to 0.4 |
Negative deactivating emotions, mean (SD) | 1.79 (0.78) | 1.81 (0.73) | 0.01 | –0.20 to 0.23 | –0.4 to 0.4 |
Neutral emotion, mean (SD) | 2.62 (1.06) | 2.63 (1.12) | 0.01 | –0.30 to 0.32 | –0.4 to 0.4 |
Self-efficacy, mean (SD) | 51.77 (20.06) | 50.88 (21.06) | –0.90 | –6.83 to 5.04 | –10.0 to 10.0 |