Table 1 Comparison of conventional onsite and remote online examinations

Examination site

Students undertake examinations in campus

Students undertake examinations outside campus (eg. from home)

Presence of invigilation during examination

Invigilated in-person

Invigilated (proctored using computer software) or non-invigilated

Format of examination

CBE or OBE

CBE or OBE

Mode and duration of examination

All students take the examination online at the specified time and within a fixed duration

Students take the examination online at the specified time or within a window period and submit answers within a fixed duration