Table 5 Comparison of cynicism scores with different demographic characteristics

Gender

Male

12,217

5.97

5.58

1.994

0.046

0.075

Female

10,766

5.75

4.99

Place of origin

Urban

13,721

5.75

5.37

-5.652

0.068

0.001

Non-urban

9,262

6.15

5.21

Grade

Freshman

12,633

5.29

5.12

69.612

 < 0.001

0.018

Sophomore

5,789

6.70

5.37

Junior year

2,651

6.88

5.74

Senior year

794

6.54

5.19

Fifth year of college

30

8.23

5.26

Master

933

6.09

5.16

Doctor

153

5.56

5.26

Whether an only child

Only son

12,077

5.76

5.43

-4.454

 < 0.001

0.001

Non-only child

10,906

6.07

5.16

Whether you hold a position in the university

Student leaders (class/ student/society, etc.)

7,850

5.47

5.22

44.807

 < 0.001

0.004

No job

13,922

6.09

5.32

Student leader in the past

1,211

6.58

5.58

Residential experience in middle and high school

Yes

13,469

6.08

5.27

5.896

0.115

0.002

No

9,514

5.66

5.36

The highest level of education received by his or her parents

Primary school and below

1,434

6.65

5.22

7.853

 < 0.001

0.002

Junior high school

8,012

5.97

5.12

High school or technical secondary school

7,048

5.84

5.32

Junior college

2,526

5.61

5.23

Undergraduate

3,476

5.84

5.70

Master degree and above

487

5.70

5.92

Monthly living expenses(Yuan)

 < 1,000

1,409

6.42

5.62

6.775

 < 0.001

0.001

1,000–1,500

9,755

5.94

5.25

1,500–2,000

8,121

5.73

5.17

2,500–3,000

2,655

5.94

5.44

 > 3,000

1,043

6.25

6.06

The pressure of study and life in the past two months

1-Extremely little stressed

2,177

3.61

5.73

8.301

 < 0.001

0.077

2-Very little stressed

4,217

4.32

4.49

3-Little stressed

8,363

5.89

4.86

4-Much stressed

6,122

6.79

5.12

5-Very much stressed

1,497

8.19

5.68

6-Extremely much stressed

607

10.90

7.64

The degree of interest in professional knowledge

Very interested

5,014

3.58

5.29

69.443

 < 0.001

0.108

Have interested

9,243

5.35

4.75

Generally

5,216

7.98

4.97

Less interest

3,019

7.03

5.06

No interest

491

11.16

6.86

Weekly exercise time (hours)

1

12,709

6.46

5.22

10.670

 < 0.001

0.014

2

6,430

5.34

5.06

3

2,152

4.89

5.20

4

1,692

5.19

6.40

Smoking

Smoking

979

7.19

6.16

53.852

 < 0.001

0.005

Quit smoking

557

7.38

6.13

Never smoked

21,447

5.81

55.23

Drinking

Drinking

5,569

6.77

5.47

12.020

 < 0.001

0.010

Quit drinking

986

6.72

5.59

Never drank

16,428

5.57

5.20

Overall satisfaction with study

Very satisfied

3,569

3.47

5.76

37.909

 < 0.001

0.127

Satisfied

9,077

4.68

4.54

Generally

8,823

7.49

4.89

Dissatisfied

1,196

9.25

5.03

Very dissatisfied

318

12.08

7.78

Sleep quality in the past two months

Very bad

431

10.44

6.86

48.478

 < 0.001

0.075

Pretty bad

1,696

8.11

5.29

Generally

7,728

7.11

5.18

Good

8,924

5.12

4.73

Very good

4,204

4.01

5.44