Table 3 Associations between calculated scores and participants’ characteristics

Sex

 Male (n = 43)

13.7 ± 5.7

25.4 ± 4.2

49.0 ± 10.0

61.2 ± 9.2

17.4 ± 4.7

24.7 ± 3.7

25.7 ± 2.6

26.4 ± 5.0

 Female (n = 78)

10.6 ± 5.0

25.0 ± 3.9

50.1 ± 9.5

62.9 ± 6.9

17.6 ± 4.1

25.6 ± 3.7

26.5 ± 2.9

27.5 ± 4.3

 p-value

0.002

0.554

0.574

0.589

0.831

0.188

0.126

0.224

Publishing status

 Non-OA publications (n = 54)

9.7 ± 4.1

24.9 ± 4.1

46.3 ± 9.7

63.8 ± 7.5

16.8 ± 4.3

26.1 ± 3.6

25.6 ± 2.6

26.4 ± 4.4

 Published in OA (n = 67)

13.3 ± 5.9

25.3 ± 3.9

52.4 ± 8.7

61.7 ± 7.8

18.1 ± 4.2

24.6 ± 3.8

26.8 ± 2.9

27.8 ± 4.7

 p-value

 < .001

0.574

 < .001

0.142

0.105

0.032

0.025

0.124

Number of publications

 < 5 publications (n = 83)

9.9 ± 4.2

25.6 ± 4.3

47.6 ± 9.9

62.7 ± 7.7

17.2 ± 4.1

25.7 ± 3.7

25.9 ± 2.7

26.6 ± 4.3

 > 5 publications (n = 38)

15.6 ± 5.8

26.4 ± 2.7

54.2 ± 7.4

62.6 ± 7.9

18.3 ± 4.7

24.3 ± 3.6

26.9 ± 3.1

28.3 ± 4.8

 p-value

 < .001

0.017

 < .001

0.945

0.188

0.049

0.106

0.062

Aggressive solicitation

 Received predatory e-mails (n = 78)

13.2 ± 5.9

26.3 ± 3.5

52.8 ± 8.4

62.9 ± 8.0

17.9 ± 4.4

25.4 ± 3.8

26.8 ± 3.2

27.8 ± 4.8

 Did not receive predatory e-mails (n = 43)

9.1 ± 3.6

23.2 ± 4.1

44.1 ± 9.5

62.2 ± 7.3

16.9 ± 4.1

25.1 ± 3.6

25.2 ± 1.9

25.7 ± 4.0

 p-value

 < .001

 < .001

 < .001

0.641

0.189

0.648

0.004

0.017