Table 2 Review findings with a focus on intervention delivery
Author, Year of publication, COO | Training Speciality | Learner level | Instructor Type | Setting of intervention | Timeline of intervention |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[23] Keisling et al. 2017 USA | • Psychology • SLP • Audiology • Nutrition • Social work • Nursing | Unclear | Faculty members Patients, parents, or caregivers | Non-clinical | Longitudinal of longer than 3 months |
[24] Weber et al. USA | • Audiology • Genetic counselling • Nursing • OT • PT • Psychology • Social work • SLP • Other non- healthcare professional programs and/or post-graduate traineesa | Unclear | Faculty members | Non-clinical Clinical setting (unclear whether specialized or not) | Longitudinal of longer than 3 months |
[25] Weiss et al. 2020 USA | • SLP • Special educationa | Unclear | Faculty members | Non-specialized clinical setting Non-clinical | Short-term less than 1 month |
[26] Garavatti et al. 2018 USA | • Medicine • PT | Medicine – 2nd year PT – 3rd year | Faculty members | Specialized clinical setting (community-based training facility for patients with DD) | Single session |
[27] Howell et al. 2012 USA | • OT • Psychology | 1st year and 2nd year | Faculty members | Clinical setting (unclear whether specialized or not) | 1-3 months |
[28] Coret et al. 2018 Canada | • Medicine | 1st year | Patients, parents, or caregivers Senior students | Non-clinical setting | Short term less than 1 month |
[29] Lewis et al. 2018 Australia | • SLP • OT | Unclear | Faculty members | Non-clinical | Single session |
[30] Havercamp et al. 2016 USA | • Medicine | 3rd year | Patients, parents, or caregivers Non-faculty professionals | Non-clinical | Single session |
[31] Watkins et al. 2016 UK | • Medicine | 3rd year | Patients, parents, or caregivers Non-faculty professionals | Non-clinical | Single session |
[32] Thomas et al. 2014 UK | • Medicine | 4th year | Faculty members Patients, parents, or caregivers Non-faculty professionals | Non- clinical | Single session |
[33] Iacono et al. 2011 Australia | • Social work • OT • PT • Nursing • Other non-professional degreesa | 1st year students 2nd year tutors | Patients, parents, or caregivers Senior students | Non- clinical | Single session |
[34] Feely et al. 2020 Ireland | • Social work | 3rd year | Faculty members Patients, parents, or caregivers | Non-clinical | Longitudinal of longer than 3 months |
[35] Marks et al. 2018 Belgium | • Dentistry | 4th year | Unclear | Specialized clinical setting | 1–3 months |
[36] Watters et al. 2015 USA | • Dentistry | 4th year | Faculty members | Non-clinical Specialized clinical setting | 1–3 months |
[37] Harwood et al. 2014 UK | • Medicine | 4th year | Faculty members Patients, parents, or caregivers | Non- clinical | Unclear |
[38] Jacobson et al. 2011 USA | • Medicine | 3rd year | Faculty members | Specialized clinical setting | Short term less than 1 month |
[39] Shields et al. 2014 Australia | • PT | Various years | Unclear | Non- specialized clinical setting | 1–3 months |
[40] Karl et al. 2013 USA | • Medicine | 3rd year | Faculty members Non-faculty professionals | Specialized clinical setting | Single session |
[41] Salama et al. 2020 Saudi Arabia | • Dentistry | Various years | Unclear | Non-clinical | Single session |
[42] Taslibeyaz et al. 2017 Turkey | • Medicine | Various years | Unclear | Non-clinical | Single session |
[43] Jones et al. 2015 Canada | • Medicine • Nursing • Clinical psych • OT • PT | Various years | Faculty members Patients, parents, or caregivers | Non- clinical | Single session |
[44] Tsilimingras 2018 USA | • Medicine • Nursing • Psychology • Physician assistants • Post-graduate physiciansa | Various years | Faculty members | Non-clinical | Single session |
[45] Phadraig et al. 2015 Ireland | • Dentistry | 3rd year | Faculty members Patients, parents, or caregivers | Specialized clinical setting Non-specialized clinical setting Non-clinical | 1–3 months |
[46] Van Wieringen et al. 2015 South Africa | • Medicine | 2nd year and 4th year | Faculty members | Unclear | Longitudinal of longer than 3 months |
[47] Hoang et al. 2023 USA | • Medicine | 2nd, 3rd, 4th year | Unclear | Non-specialized clinical setting Non-clinical | 1–3 months |
[48] Nash-Patel et al. 2022 UK | • Nursing | 2nd and 3rd year | Faculty members Patients, parents, or caregivers Non-faculty professionals | Non-clinical | 1–3 months |
[49] Matteucci et al. 2023 USA | • Dentistry | 2nd and 4th year | Faculty members Patients, parents, or caregivers | Specialized clinical setting | Short term less than 1 month |
[50] Phadraig et al. 2022 Ireland | • Dentistry • Dental hygiene | Dentistry—3rd year dental Dental hygiene and Nursing—2nd year | Patients, parents, or caregivers Faculty members Non-faculty professionals | Non-clinical | Single session |
[51] Berger et al. 2023 Canada | • Medicine | 1st year students | Faculty members Patients, parents, or caregivers Non-faculty professionals | Non-clinical | 1–3 months |
[52] Zencirci et al. 2022 Turkey | • Medicine | Unclear | Faculty members Patients, parents, or caregivers | Non-clinical Specialized clinical setting | Short-term less than 1 month |
[53] Jacob et al. 2022 USA | • Medicine | 1st and 2nd years | Faculty members Patients, parents, or caregivers | Non- specialized clinical setting | 1–3 months |
[54] Lee et al. 2023 USA | • Nursing • Social work • Psychology • Recreation therapya • Exercise sciencea • Public healtha | Unclear | Faculty members Patients, parents, or caregivers Non-faculty professionals | Non-clinical | Longitudinal of longer than 3 months |