Fostering formative assessment: teachers’ perception, practice and challenges of implementation in four Sudanese medical schools, a mixed-method study

Table 4 Topics and summary of the Delphi process rounds 1 and 2

Round One	Round Two
Round One	Items	Themes
Inadequate understanding of the role of formative assessment	Inadequate understanding of the role of formative assessment	Challenges of implementing FA: Lack of understanding
Lack of staff commitment	Lack of staff commitment
Students don’t focus on the formative assessment because of its timing	Students don’t focus on the formative assessment because of its timing
Lack of resources	Lack of resources	Challenges of implementing FA: Logistics and resources
Large number of students	Lack of resources
Lack of time	Large number of students
Implementation of formative assessment is exhausting to the medical teachers	Large number of students
Time allocation	Time allocation	Suggested solutions: resources allocation
Resources allocation	Resources allocation
Adopt a reasonable students staff ratio	Adopt a reasonable students staff ratio
Use of online assessment/other technologies	Use of online assessment/other technologies
Training of staff	Training of staff	Suggested solutions: faculty development

ISSN: 1472-6920