Table 2 Comparison of compliance with standards precautions between the intervention and the control group in the ICLN Program (n = 154)

I wash my hands between patient contacts

Intervention

1.3

7.8

19.5

71.4

71.4

0.0

1.3

5.2

93.5

93.5

< 0.001

0.005

< 0.001

Control

0.0

2.6

33.8

63.6

63.6

0.0

2.6

28.6

68.8

68.8

0.556

p-value

0.302^*

< 0.001^*

I only use water for hand washing

Intervention

27.3

10.4

53.2

9.1

27.3

27.3

18.2

42.9

11.7

27.3

0.999

0.496

0.906

Control

37.7

11.7

40.3

10.4

37.7

29.9

24.7

33.8

11.7

29.9

0.327

p-value

0.169^*

0.721^*

I use alcohol hand rubs as an alternative if my hands are not visibly soiled

Intervention

9.1

5.2

41.6

44.2

44.2

1.3

5.2

59.9

41.6

41.6

0.845

0.568

0.371

Control

7.8

6.5

49.4

36.4

36.4

6.5

11.7

49.4

32.5

32.5

0.678

p-value

0.324^*

0.243^*

I recap used needles after giving an injection

Intervention

51.9

24.7

18.2

5.2

51.9

58.4

27.3

13.0

1.3

58.4

0.383

0.045

0.806

Control

39.0

24.7

24.7

11.7

39.0

50.6

31.2

11.7

6.5

50.6

0.081

p-value

0.106^*

0.332^*

I put used sharp articles into sharps boxes

Intervention

3.9

0.0

2.6

93.5

93.5

0.0

0.0

2.6

97.4

97.4

0.450

0.789

0.160

Control

0.0

0.0

6.5

93.5

93.5

0.0

3.9

3.9

92.2

92.2

0.999

p-value

0.999^**

0.276^**

The sharps box is only disposed when it is full

Intervention

53.2

19.5

16.9

10.4

53.2

62.3

13.0

14.3

10.4

62.3

0.211

0.522

0.017

Control

42.9

19.5

23.4

14.3

42.9

40.3

22.1

24.7

13.0

40.3

0.803

p-value

0.197^*

0.006^*

I remove PPE in a designated area

Intervention

1.3

2.6

22.1

74.0

74.0

1.3

9.1

7.8

81.8

81.8

0.211

0.499

0.028

Control

1.3

6.5

27.3

64.9

64.9

1.3

6.5

28.6

63.6

63.6

0.999

p-value

0.221^*

0.011^*

I take a shower in case of extensive splashing even after I have put on PPE

Intervention

11.7

7.8

28.6

51.9

51.9

3.9

13.0

24.7

58.4

58.4

0.458

0.212

0.907

Control

13.0

15.6

20.8

50.6

50.6

9.1

14.3

19.5

57.1

57.1

0.404

p-value

0.872^*

0.870^*

I cover my wound (s) or lesion (s) with waterproof dressing before patient contacts

Intervention

3.9

20.8

23.4

51.9

51.9

2.6

18.2

23.4

55.8

55.8

0.677

0.671

0.246

Control

5.2

10.4

26.0

58.4

58.4

7.8

10.4

32.5

49.4

49.4

0.248

p-value

0.418^*

0.420^*

I wear gloves when I am exposed to body fluids, blood products, and any excretion of patients

Intervention

0.0

1.3

13.0

85.7

85.7

0.0

5.2

13.0

81.8

81.8

0.579

0.556

0.940

Control

0.0

2.6

15.6

81.8

81.8

0.0

2.6

16.9

80.5

80.5

0.999

p-value

0.512^*

0.837^*

I change gloves between each patient contact

Intervention

1.3

9.1

27.3

62.3

62.3

0.0

3.9

18.2

77.9

77.9

0.038

0.045

0.147

Control

1.3

2.6

28.6

67.5

67.5

0.0

3.9

26.0

70.1

70.1

0.789

p-value

0.499^*

0.270^*

I decontaminate my hands immediately after removal of gloves

Intervention

0.0

1.3

20.8

77.9

77.9

0.0

1.3

15.6

83.1

83.1

0.502

0.499

0.084

Control

0.0

5.2

28.6

66.2

66.2

0.0

9.1

23.4

67.5

67.5

0.999

p-value

0.106^*

0.025^*

I wear a surgical mask alone or in combination with goggles, face shield, and apron whenever there is a possibility of a splash or splatter

Intervention

0.0

2.6

24.7

72.7

72.7

0.0

1.3

32.5

66.2

66.2

0.359

0.651

0.809

Control

2.6

6.5

33.8

57.1

57.1

0.0

3.9

37.7

58.4

58.4

0.999

p-value

0.043^*

0.318^*

My mouth and nose are covered when I wear a mask

Intervention

0.0

1.3

10.4

88.3

88.3

1.3

1.3

13.0

84.4

84.4

0.606

0.186

0.556

Control

2.5

2.5

7.6

87.0

87.0

1.3

5.2

13.0

80.5

80.5

0.267

p-value

0.806^*

0.525^*

I reuse mask or disposable PPE

Intervention

53.2

13.0

13.0

20.8

53.2

59.7

15.6

19.5

5.2

59.7

0.441

0.142

0.781

Control

46.8

11.7

20.8

20.8

46.8

55.8

16.9

14.3

13.0

55.8

0.265

p-value

0.420^*

0.625^*

I wear a gown or apron when exposed to blood, body fluids, or any patient excretions

Intervention

1.3

5.2

24.7

68.8

68.8

1.3

13.0

23.4

62.3

62.3

0.424

0.551

0.819

Control

2.6

1.3

35.1

61.0

61.0

1.3

6.5

31.2

61.0

61.0

0.999

p-value

0.311^*

0.868^*

Waste contaminated with blood, body fluids, secretion, and excretion are placed in red plastic bags irrespective of patient’s infective status

Intervention

0.0

2.6

5.2

92.9

92.9

0.0

0.0

9.1

90.9

90.9

0.999

0.136

0.085

Control

5.2

0.0

5.2

89.6

89.6

0.0

3.9

15.6

80.5

80.5

0.121

p-value

0.575^*

0.065^*

I decontaminate surfaces and equipment after use

Intervention

2.6

7.8

35.1

54.5

54.5

1.3

2.6

33.8

62.3

62.3

0.345

0.755

0.212

Control

5.2

6.5

28.6

59.7

59.7

1.3

9.1

33.8

55.8

55.8

0.579

p-value

0.515^*

0.413^*

I wear gloves to decontaminate used equipment with visible soils

Intervention

0.0

1.3

13.0

85.7

85.7

0.0

2.6

10.4

87.0

87.0

0.999

0.999

0.391

Control

0.0

3.9

11.7

84.4

84.4

0.0

3.9

14.3

81.8

81.8

0.814

p-value

0.821^*

0.374^*

I clean up spillage of blood or other body fluid immediately with disinfectants

Intervention

5.2

3.9

14.3

76.6

76.6

3.9

6.5

18.2

71.4

71.4

0.502

0.499

0.157

Control

3.9

1.3

10.4

84.8

84.8

1.3

5.2

10.4

83.1

83.1

0.999

p-value

0.222^*

0.084^*

Intervention group

66.8

70.1

0.149

0.098

0.064

Control group

63.6

62.9

0.450

0.059^**

0.019^**