Table 1 Demographic characteristics of participating and non-participating selection candidates in each preparatory activity
| Â | Â | Selection candidates | Summer School participant | Coaching Day participant | JMS participantb | PAP participantc | Commercial coaching | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| Â | Â | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) |
| Â | Total | 3080 | 550 | 2530 | 1637 | 1443 | 81 | 3080 | 210 | 1330 | 65 | 2405 |
Sex | Male | 965 (31.3) | 142 (25.8) | 823 (32.5) | 442 (27.0) | 523 (36.2) | 27 (33.3) | 965 (31.3) | 57 (27.9) | 387 (29.1) | 23 (35.4) | 743 (30.9) |
Female | 2115 (68.7) | 408 (74.2) | 1707 (67.5) | 1195 (73.0) | 920 (63.8) | 54 (66.7) | 2115 (68.7) | 153 (72.1) | 943 (70.9) | 42 (64.6) | 1662 (69.1) | |
Chi-squared |  | χ2 = 9.46, df = 1, p = .002 | χ2 = 30.46, df = 1, p < .001 | χ2 = .15 df = 1, p = .70 | χ2 = 0.34, df = 1, p = .56 | χ2 = .60, df = 1, p = .44 | ||||||
Migration background | No | 1782 (62.2) | 362 (68.3) | 1420 (60.8) | 1003 (63.4) | 779 (60.6) | 52 (68.4) | 1782 (62.2) | 127 (60.5) | 945 (71.1) | 49 (76.6) | 1449 (60.7) |
Western | 279 (9.7) | 32 (6.0) | 247 (10.6) | 144 (9.1) | 135 (10.5) | 6 (7.9) | 279 (9.7) | 16 (7.6) | 125 (9.4) | 7 (10.9) | 233 (9.8) | |
Non-western | 806 (28.1) | 136 (25.7) | 670 (28.7) | 435 (27.5) | 371 (28.9) | 18 (23.7) | 806 (28.1) | 67 (31.9) | 260 (19.5) | 8 (12.5) | 706 (29.6) | |
Chi-squared |  | χ2 = 14.46, df = 2, p = .001 | χ2 = 2.79, df = 2, p = .25 | χ2 = 1.24, df = 2, p = .54 | χ2 = 16.58, df = 2, p < .001 | χ2 = 8.90, df = 2, p = .01 | ||||||
Parental education | No 1st gen | 1776 (71.9) | 324 (71.8) | 1452 (71.9) | 996 (72.0) | 780 (71.7) | n.a. | 1776 (71.9) | 108 (71.5) | 758 (77.3) | 48 (73.8) | 1727 (71.8) |
1st gen | 695 (28.1) | 127 (28.2) | 568 (28.1) | 387 (28.0) | 308 (28.3) | n.a. | 695 (28.1) | 43 (28.5) | 223 (22.7) | 17 (26.2) | 678 (28.2) | |
Chi-squared |  | χ2 = .00, df = 1, p = .99 | χ2 = .03, df = 1, p = .86 | n.a. | χ2 = 2.40, df = 1, p = .12 | χ2 = .13, df = 1, p = .72 | ||||||
Year 5 pu-GPAa | Â | Â | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) |
| Â | 1773 (57.6) | 6.82 (0.55) | 6.77 (0.57) | 6.82 (0.54) | 6.73 (0.59) | n.a. | 6.78 (0.56) | 7.20 (0.45) | 7.10 (0.49) | 6.83 (0.55) | 6.74 (0.53) | |
t-test |  | t = −1.61, df = 1747, p = .11 | t = 3.16, df = 1189, p = .002 | n.a. | t = 1.98, df = 831, p = .048 | t = −1.18, df = 1577, p = .24 | ||||||