Measurement of person-centred consultation skills among healthcare practitioners: a systematic review of reviews of validation studies

van Dongen, Anne; Stewart, Duncan; Garry, Jack; McCambridge, Jim

doi:10.1186/s12909-023-04184-6

Table 5 Overview of the instruments (n = 42)

From: Measurement of person-centred consultation skills among healthcare practitioners: a systematic review of reviews of validation studies

Instrument	Review	Abbreviation	Developer	Year	Country	Subscales/categories N*	Items N	Response scale
BPS tool	Brouwers	BPS tool	Margalit et al	2007	Israel	3 subscales + 1 global item	9	0–100
Burgoon and Hale Relational Communication Scale for Observational Measurement (Adapted version)	Ekman	RCS-O	Gallagher et al	2001	USA	6	34	7-point
CARES Observational tool	Ekman	COT	Gaugler et al	2013	USA	0	16	0–1
Client-Centred Care Questionnaire	Koberich	CCCQ	de Witte et al	2006	N/S	0	15	5-point
Common Ground	Brouwers	CG	Lang et al	2004	USA	0	7	5-point
Components of Primary Care Instrument	Hudon	CPCI	Flocke et al	1997	USA	4	19	5-point
Consultation and Relational Empathy	Hudon & Brouwers	CARE	Mercer et al	2004	UK	0	10	5-point
Davis Observation Code (modified version)^a	Ekman	DOC	Bertakis & Azari	2011	USA	6	20	N/A
Detail of Essential Elements and Participants in Shared Decision Making^b	Ekman	DEEP-SDM	Clayman et al	2012	USA	10	-	9-point
Four Habits Coding Scheme	Ekman	4HCS	Frankel & Stein	2001	USA	4	23	5-point
General Practice Assessment Survey	Hudon	GPAS	Ramsay et al	2000	UK	9 subscales + 4 individual items	36	1–100
Henbest and Stewart instrument	Ekman	Henbest and Stewart instrument	Henbest & Stewart	1989	UK	0	15	4-point
Individualized Care Scale	Koberich	ICS	Suhonen et al	2000 (first version); 2010 (latest version)	Finland	2 parts 3 subscales each	34	5-point
Informed Decision Making instrument	Ekman	IDM	Braddock et al	1997	USA	6	N/A	0–1
Instrument on Doctor-Patient Communication Skills	Hudon	IDPCS	Campbell et al	2007	Canada	0	19	5-point
Interpersonal Processes of Care^c	Hudon	IPC	Stewart et al	1999	USA	13	41	5-point
Interpersonal Skills Rating Scale	Brouwers	IPS	Schnabl et al	1991	Canada	0	13	7-point
Little instrument	Hudon & Brouwers	Little instrument	Little et al	2001	UK	5	21	4-point
Measure of Patient-Centered Communication (Modified version)	Ekman	MPCC	Dong et al	2014	Australia	2	15	6-point
Medical Communication Competence Scale	Hudon	MCCS	Cegala et al	1998	USA	4	24	7-point
Nonverbal Accommodation Analysis System^d	Ekman	NAAS	D'Agostino & Bylund	2011	USA	10	N/A	N/A
North Worcestershire Vocational Training Scheme Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire	Brouwers	NWVTS-PSC	Jenkins & Thomas	1996	UK	0	11	5-point
Observing Patient Involvement	Ekman	OPTION	Elwyn et al	2003	UK	0	12	5-point
Oncology Patients’ Perceptions of the Quality of Nursing Care Scale^e	Koberich	OPPQNCS	Radwin et al	2003	N/S	4	40	6-point
Patient Feedback Questionnaire on Communication Skills	Brouwers	PFC	Reinders et al	2009	Netherlands	0	16	4-point
Patient Perception of Patient Centeredness^f	Hudon & Brouwers	PPPC	Stewart et al	2000/ 2004	Canada	4	14	4-point
Patient Perception of Quality	Hudon	PPQ	Haddad et al	2000	Canada	3	22	5-point
Patient Reactions Assessment	Hudon	PRA	Galassi et al	1992	USA	3	15	7-point
Patient-Centred Behaviour Coding instrument	Ekman	PBCI	Zandbelt et al	2005	Netherlands	2	N/A	N/A
Patient-Centred Observation Form	Brouwers & Ekman	PCOF	Chesser et al	2013	USA	13	N/A	3-point
Perceived Involvement in Care Scale	Hudon	PICS	Lerman et al	1995	USA	3	13	0–1
Perceived Involvement in Care Scale (Modified version)	Brouwers	M-PICS	Smith et al	2006	USA	4	20	5-point
Primary Care Assessment Survey	Hudon	PCAS	Saffran et al	1998	USA	11	51	1–100
Primary Care Assessment Tool (adult edition)	Hudon	PCAT-A	Shi et al	2001	USA	7	74	4-point
Process of Interactional Sensitivity Coding in Healthcare	Ekman	PISCH	Sabee et al	2015	USA	7	N/A	N/A
Quality of Communication	Brouwers	QoC	Engelberg et al	2006	USA	0	13	10-point
Questionnaire on the Quality of Physician–Patient Interaction	Brouwers	QQPPI	Bieber et al	2010	Germany	0	14	5-point
Revised Patient-Centred Communication and Interpersonal Skills Scale	Brouwers	RUCIS	Iramaneerat et al	2009	USA	0	13	4-point
Rochester Participatory Decision-Making Scale	Ekman	RPAD	Shields et al	2005	USA	0	9	3-point
Roter Interaction Analysis System (Modified version)^g	Ekman	ARCS(RIAS)	Mjaaland & Finset	2009	Norway	14	N/A	N/A
Sherbrooke Observation Scale of Patient-Centered Care	Ekman	SOS-PCC	Paul-Savoie et al	2015	Canada	0	9	4-point
Smoliner scale	Koberich	Smoliner scale	Smoliner	2009	N/S	2	9	6-point

^*The review by Ekman et al. only includes observation tools (checklists and coding schemes) which usually do not include subscales
^aThe DOC consists of 20 codes in 6 clusters
^bThe DEEP-SDM consists of 10 categories
^cThe IPC consists of 3 domains, 13 subscales, and 41 items. A shorter version with 7 subscales and 29 items is available
^dThe NAAS consists of 10 non-verbal behaviour categories
^eA shorter 18 item version of the OPPQNCS is available
^fA shorter 9 item version of the PPPC is available
^g10 original RIAS categories, 4 ARCS categories

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