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Table 1 Overview and evaluation of the haptic parameters of the silicone models and the porcine stomach wall

From: A mechanically validated open-source silicone model for the training of gastric perforation sewing

Haptic parameter

Rank 1

Rank 4

Overall structure (Fig. 5a)

Most similar to porcine sample

Least similar to porcine sample

Stiffness in transverse direction (flexibility)

(Fig. 5b)

Easiest to move in transversal direction

Hardest to move in transversal direction

Stiffness in longitudinal direction (Fig. 5c)

Elongates easiest

Most resistant to elongation

Subjective force needed to cut (Fig. 5d)

Easiest to cut

Hardest to cut

Subjective force needed to penetrate (Fig. 5e)

Easiest to penetrate

Hardest to penetrate

Durability against tearing of the thread (Fig. 5f)

Sample which is torn the easiest by the thread

Sample which is torn the least by the thread