Table 2 Multivariate linear regression results
| Â | DASS-21 Depression | DASS-21 Anxiety | DASS-21 Stress | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Coefficient (95% CI) | p | Coefficient (95% CI) | p | Coefficient (95% CI) | p |
Sex | ||||||
 Male | - | Reference | Reference | |||
 Female | 1.74 (-1.25—4.73) | 0.250 | 2.26 (-0.75—5.27) | 0.139 | ||
GPA | ||||||
 2.0—2.5 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
 2.5—3.0 | -3.47 (-10.03—3.08) | 0.295 | -0.62 (-5.91—4.67) | 0.250 | -1.63 (-7.34—4.08) | 0.572 |
 3.0—3.5 | -4.81 (-11.36—1.75) | 0.149 | -2.39 (-7.79—3.00) | 0.817 | -2.81 (-8.62—2.99) | 0.338 |
 3.5—4.0 | -3.77 (-10.80—3.27) | 0.291 | -2.07 (-8.00—3.87) | 0.380 | -0.93 (-7.19—5.33) | 0.768 |
Socioeconomic status | ||||||
 Low/Lower-middle | Reference | - | Reference | |||
 Middle | -2.25 (-6.31—1.81) | 0.273 | 2.25 (-1.45—5.96) | 0.230 | ||
 Upper/Upper-middle | -2.56 (-7.17—2.04) | 0.272 | 2.11 (-2.22—6.44) | 0.335 | ||
Duration of preparation | ||||||
 More than 2 years | - | - | -0.66 (-6.18—4.87) | 0.813 | ||
 1–2 years | Reference | |||||
 6 months-1 year | -1.19 (-5.94—3.55) | 0.619 | ||||
 Less than 6 months | 5.19 (1.00—9.38) | 0.016 | ||||
Attendance to preparatory course | ||||||
 Yes | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
 No | -5.82 (-11.53—-0.11) | 0.046 | -1.66 (-6.65—3.33) | 0.511 | -2.83 (-8.01—2.35) | 0.280 |
"Do you think that your study is sufficient?" | ||||||
 Yes | Reference | - | - | |||
 No | 3.14 (-0.92—7.20) | 0.128 | ||||
 Unsure | 4.10 (-0.89—9.08) | 0.106 | ||||
"Do you think that get the worth of your study?" | ||||||
 Yes | - | - | Reference | |||
 No | -2.10 (-5.58—1.39) | 0.234 | ||||
 Unsure | -2.54 (-6.23—1.15) | 0.175 | ||||
"Do you consider quit studying?" | ||||||
 Never | -10.13 (-15.83—-4.44) | 0.001 | -10.65 (-15.41—-5.89) | 0.000 | -10.95 (-15.95—-5.95) | 0.000 |
 Rarely | -8.03 (-13.73—-2.34) | 0.006 | -6.04 (-10.95—-1.12) | 0.017 | -6.62 (-12.00—-1.24) | 0.016 |
 Often | -6.87 (-13.00—-0.73) | 0.029 | -3.85 (-9.22—1.52) | 0.157 | -7.08 (-12.49—-1.67) | 0.011 |
 Always | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
"Would you like to work abroad in the future if you have chance?" | ||||||
 Yes | - | Reference | - | |||
 No | 0.58 (-4.00—5.17) | 0.801 | ||||
 Unsure | 3.24 (-1.34—7.83) | 0.163 | ||||
"Have you used prescription psychiatric drugs (antidepressants, etc.) or undergone psychotherapy durıng your TUS preparation?" | ||||||
 Yes | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
 No | -1.97 (-5.48—1.55) | 0.270 | -3.35 (-6.38—-0.33) | 0.030 | -2.74 (-6.35—0.86) | 0.134 |
"Have you used prescription stimulants (amphetamines, etc.) to increase your productivity durıng your TUS preparation?" | ||||||
 Yes | - | - | Reference | |||
 No | -1.41 (-6.54—3.73) | 0.586 | ||||
"Can you set aside time for yourself apart from studying?" | ||||||
 Yes | - | Reference | Reference | |||
 No | 1.40 (-2.10—4.91) | 0.429 | 2.20 (-1.70—6.10) | 0.264 | ||
"Can you set aside time for your friends and family?" | ||||||
 Yes | - | Reference | Reference | |||
 No | -0.54 (-4.02—2.94) | 0.757 | -0.40 (-4.27—3.46) | 0.836 | ||
"Have you started using or increased your consumption of cigarettes, alcohol or drugs during your TUS preparation?" | ||||||
 Yes | - | - | Reference | |||
 No | 0.62 (-3.22—4.45) | 0.751 | ||||
"Can you be mindful of your nutrition?" | ||||||
 Yes | Reference | - | - | |||
 No | 3.35 (-0.23—6.94) | 0.066 | ||||
"Can you get enough sleep?" | ||||||
 Yes | - | Reference | Reference | |||
 No | 2.02 (-1.30—5.35) | 0.230 | 3.93 (0.42—7.44) | 0.029 | ||
"Can you set aside time for exercising" | ||||||
 Yes | Reference | - | Reference | |||
 No | 2.61 (-1.70—6.91) | 0.232 | -0.22 (-4.12—3.69) | 0.913 | ||