Table 4 Self-efficacy scores among TeleECHO participants of Pediatric Project ECHO for Pain, at baseline and six months. Possible item scores ranged from 1 to 7, 1 = ‘strongly disagree’ and 7 = ‘strongly agree’

Manage children with chronic pain.

32

4.2 (1.5)

5.3 (1.7)

−1.2

0.004

−2.0 – −0.4

Assess pain in children.

33

4.5 (1.8)

5.7 (1.4)

−1.2

0.003

−2.0 – −0.4

Identify children with pain needs.

33

5.0 (1.3)

5.8 (1.4)

−0.8

0.012

−1.5 – − 0.2

Understand possible side effects of most pharmacological medications used for pain.

33

4.1 (2.0)

4.9 (1.9)

−0.8

0.102

−1.7 – 0.2

Understand appropriate mind-body/psychological interventions for children with pain.

32

4.3 (1.5)

5.4 (1.2)

−1.1

0.002

−1.8 - -0.5

Educate parents and caregivers about pain.

32

4.8 (1.5)

5.9 (1.2)

−1.1

0.001

−1.8 – −0.4

Serve as an expert in my community for pain-related questions and issues.

17

3.6 (1.8)

5.1 (1.9)

−1.5

0.029

−2.8 - -0.2

Communicate effectively with children and community members about pain.

33

4.5 (1.6)

5.5 (1.3)

−1.1

0.005

−1.8 - -0.3

Understand appropriate physical interventions for children with pain.

32

4.3 (1.4)

5.5 (1.2)

−1.2

0.000

−1.9 - -0.6