Table 2 Task framework of the occupational health team in task-based interprofessional training
Axis: Identifying and assessing the risk of workplace hazards (exposure risk assessment) |
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To carry out an initial assessment of the work environment in the form of an occupational health team (walkthrough survey) 1.To perform an observational assessment of the entire job process 2.To determine different workstations 3.To identify occupational exposures of each workstation by type of exposure 4.To identify chemical exposures in the workplace 5.To identify physical exposures in the workplace 6.To identify ergonomic exposures in the workplace 7.To identify biological exposures in the workplace 8.To identify the causes of occupational infections in the workplace 9.To identify psychological exposures in the workplace 10.10.To identify the causes of job stress in the workplace 11.To determine the high-risk points of the work environment in terms of occupational exposures 12.To develop a job ID for each job title 13.To develop a workshop ID for each workshop |
To design a plan for quantitative environmental exposure measurements based on the initial assessment results 14.To design an environmental measurement plan for the exposures based on the initial assessment results 15.To measure the exposure to chemical agents in the workplace with standard methods 16.To measure the exposure to noise by standard methods using a sound level meter 17.To measure exposure to ionizing radiation by standard methods 18.To measure exposure to non-ionizing radiation by standard methods 19.To measure exposure to vibration by standard methods 20.To measure exposure to a high temperature by standard methods 21.To measure exposure to low temperature by standard methods |
To design a plan for personal quantitative exposure measurements based on the initial assessment results 22.To design a personal measurement plan for the exposures based on the initial assessment results 23.To measure the individual exposure to chemical agents in the workplace with standard methods 24.To measure personal exposure to noise by standard methods using a personal dosimeter 25.To measure personal exposure to ionizing radiation by standard methods |
To measure the psychological hazards of the workplace 26.To determine the mental workload of the workplace based on primary assessments 27.To determine factors causing job stress based on primary assessments |
To measure ergonomic hazards of the workplace 28.To measure identified physical ergonomic hazards of the workplace using standard methods 29.To perform posture analysis of the workers during work 30.To determine the risk of occupational musculoskeletal disorders based on the results of posture analysis 31.To determine the priorities that need correction in the workplace based on the results of the posture analysis 32.To estimate the physical workload of different jobs based on the evaluations performed 33.To categorize jobs based on the required energy to very light, light, medium, heavy, and very heavy classes 34.To measure the identified cognitive ergonomic factors in the workplace |
To compile an occupational exposure matrix in the occupational health team based on the measurements 35.To prioritize occupational exposures based on severity, importance, and risk 36.To draw job exposure matrix using standard methods |
To prepare a report of assessments and measurements of workplace exposures in cooperation with the members of the occupational health team .37.To compile the initial evaluation report and measurements separately for different workstations |
To interpret the results of the measurements and present them to different stakeholders 38.To present the results in an understandable language to the employer, insurance companies, health centers, and occupational examination centers |
To identify occupations with risk level 1 39.To identify occupational carcinogens in different workstations based on the report of workplace assessments 40.To identify the causes of incurable diseases in different workstations based on the report of workplace assessments 41.To introduce jobs with risk level 1 after identifying above factors |
To identify the hazards of high-standard jobs 42.To identify the hazards of high-standard jobs (piloting, driving, locomotive driving, firefighting, etc.) based on a review of available resources 43.43.To indigenize the hazards of high-standard jobs (piloting, driving, locomotive driving, firefighting, etc.) based on the assessments performed |
Axis: Controlling occupational hazards |
To plan for controlling occupational hazards in the occupational health team based on prioritization 44.To plan for controlling occupational hazards in order of priority after prioritizing the hazardous factors of the workplace |
To control chemical hazards of the workplace 45.To recommend an alternative chemical in order to control very harmful chemical agents 46.To recommend appropriate engineering methods to control chemical agents in the workplace 47.To offer necessary recommendations to modify the work process to control chemical agents in the workplace 48.To offer appropriate personal protective equipment based on prioritizing hazardous chemicals in the workplace 49.To train all employees how to use personal protective equipment 50.To supervise the correct use of personal protective equipment by employees |
To control the physical hazards of the workplace 51.To recommend appropriate engineering methods to control the physical exposures of the workplace 52.To offer the necessary recommendations to improve the work process to control the physical exposures of the workplace 53.To offer appropriate personal protective equipment to prioritize hazardous physical exposures in the workplace 54.To train all employees how to use personal protective equipment 55.To supervise the correct use of personal protective equipment by employees |
To control the biological hazards of the workplace 56.To recommend appropriate engineering methods in order to control biological exposures in the workplace 57.To offer the necessary recommendations to improve the work process to control biological exposures in the workplace 58.To offer appropriate personal protective equipment based on prioritizing biological exposures in the workplace 59.To train all employees how to use personal protective equipment 60.To supervise the correct use of personal protective equipment by employees |
To control the psychological hazards of the workplace 61.To offer necessary recommendations to improve the work process to control the workplace psychological exposures 62.To train all employees to deal with strategies for coping with stress and factors that disrupt mental health |
To control ergonomic hazards of the workplace 63.To make workstation modifications based on prioritization in order to control ergonomic exposures in the workplace 64.To offer necessary recommendations to improve the work process to control the workplace ergonomic exposures 65.To train all employees to observe ergonomic principles |
Axis: Determining the appropriate job position for each person (fitness for work) |
To determine appropriate job position for employees based on demographic characteristics, individual abilities, hazardous factors identified in the workplace, and underlying diseases 66.To determine the fitness for work of the person for the proposed job based on the results of occupational health assessments 67.To determine the potential risk of employment for employees considering the health status of the individual and his illnesses, the reports of the occupational health team regarding the exposures in the workplace and determining the probability of the impact of these exposures on the individual's health 68.To determine the individual's fitness for work in high-standard occupations (piloting, driving, locomotive driving, firefighting, etc.) according to national and international guidelines 69.To determine the individual’s fitness for work after the necessary assessments when the employer or the supervisor declares that the employee needs to be re-examined 70.To determine the individual’s fitness for work after suffering from an occupational disease 71.To determine how to return to work after suffering from a non-occupational disease 72.To determine how to continue employment after prescribing new medication or special treatment |
To find a person physically fit for the work based on the reports of the occupational health team and the estimated physical workload 73.To determine the individual’s fitness for work after necessary assessments based on the classification of jobs to very light, light, medium, heavy, and very heavy |
To find a person mentally fit for the work based on the reports of the occupational health team and the estimated mental workload 74.To determine the individual’s fitness for work after necessary assessments based on the mental workload |
Axis: Occupational health examinations (health risk assessment/medical surveillance) |
To design occupational health examinations and evaluations in collaboration with other professionals based on the reports of the occupational health team 75.To design pre-placement (pre-employment) examinations and evaluations for each job according to the reports of the occupational health team and evidence-based practice, considering the imposition of the lowest possible costs 76.To design periodic (screening or surveillance) examinations and evaluations for each job according to the reports of the occupational health team and evidence-based practice, considering the imposition of the lowest possible costs 77.To design exit examinations and evaluations for each job according to the reports of the occupational health team and evidence-based practice, considering the imposition of the lowest possible costs 78.To design occupational health examinations and evaluations for high-standard jobs using an informed decision-making approach based on existing standards and indigenous conditions 79.To select the examinations and evaluations needed to assess mental health based on the job 80.To select the examinations and evaluations needed to assess physical capacity based on the job 81.To select the examinations and evaluations needed to assess functional capacity based on the job |
To conduct occupational health examinations and evaluations based on the designed protocol in collaboration with other professionals 82.To perform pre-placement examinations for various occupations 83.To perform periodic examinations for various occupations 84.To perform return to work examinations for various occupations 85.To perform fitness for work examinations for various occupations 86.To perform exit examinations for various occupations 87.To perform functional capacity evaluations for various occupations |
To decide about the employment of the individuals based on the assessments 88.To decide about the start of employment of the individuals based on pre-placement examinations and functional capacity evaluation 89.To decide about the continuation of the employment of the employees based on periodic examinations .90.To decide about the employees' return to work based on a return to work examination 91.To decide about fitness for work of the individuals for a current or proposed job based on the results of fitness for work and functional capacity assessments |
To use all national and international standards and requirements about occupational health services in presenting occupational health services 92.To apply existing international standards in the provision of occupational health services 93.To apply existing national standards in the provision of occupational health services 94.To identify the best way to provide occupational health services based on existing international and national standards and considering regional, social, and economic conditions |
To report the results of occupational health assessments to the relevant authorities 95.To observe the professional principles of report writing 96.To observe trustworthiness and honesty in presenting the occupational health assessment reports 97.To observe realism in presenting reports 98.To provide the necessary suggestions to improve the working environment to maintain and improve employees' health 99.To consider the benefits of an employer, employees, and the health system in presenting the report, while respecting the principles of justice |
To provide preventive services for non-occupational diseases to employees 100.To determine the risk of non-occupational "non-communicable" diseases for employees 101.To provide the necessary recommendations for preventing non-communicable diseases to the employees and their families based on the results of examinations and paraclinical assessments 102.To provide the necessary recommendations for preventing infectious diseases to the employees and their families based on the results of examinations and paraclinical assessments 103.To recommend health promotion methods to employees based on the risk of communicable and non-communicable diseases |
Axis: Managing work-related/occupational diseases |
To use appropriate methods to diagnose occupational diseases 104.To choose appropriate diagnostic tests based on scientific evidence and indications and consider the lowest cost and risk for the patient 105.To observe the criteria of usefulness, including availability, non-riskiness, and the lowest possible cost for the patient in choosing diagnostic tests 106.To perform diagnostic tests required for occupational health examinations based on existing guidelines 107.To use appropriate screening methods for early diagnosis of occupational diseases Respiratory diseases: 108.To perform lung function tests based on the indication to diagnose occupational respiratory diseases 109.To request appropriate imaging tests based on the indication to diagnose occupational respiratory diseases Diseases of the hearing system: 110.To request appropriate audiometric tests based on the indication to diagnose occupational hearing disorders 111.To request appropriate diagnostic tests based on the indication to rule out non-occupational causes of hearing disorders Musculoskeletal diseases: 112.To perform appropriate clinical tests based on indication to diagnose musculoskeletal diseases 113.To request appropriate imaging tests based on the indication to diagnose occupational musculoskeletal diseases 114.To request appropriate physiological tests based on the indication to diagnose occupational musculoskeletal diseases Other occupational diseases: 115.To perform appropriate clinical tests based on indication to diagnose other occupational diseases 116.To request appropriate imaging tests based on indication to diagnose other occupational diseases 117.To request appropriate paraclinical tests based on the indication to diagnose other occupational diseases |
To use appropriate methods to treat occupational diseases 118.To recommend to the patient the necessary exercises and movements for the management of musculoskeletal diseases based on the principles of informed decision-making 119.To prescribe the medications needed to manage occupational diseases to the patient based on the principles of informed decision-making |
To apply appropriate methods for rehabilitation and early return to work of employees 120.To prescribe appropriate rehabilitation methods for the patient according to the type of disease 121.To provide the necessary recommendations for the early return to work of the person 122.To provide the necessary recommendations to improve the workplace environment in case of illness, drug consumption, or special treatment for the employees 123.To recommend to the patient the modifications needed to manage occupational diseases based on the principles of informed decision-making |
To identify the relationship between diseases and hazardous factors in the workplace 124.To determine the relationship between the diagnosed disease and hazardous factors in the workplace based on scientific evidence 125.To determine the impact of the job on the diagnosed disease based on scientific evidence 126.To apportion the contribution of occupational factors on the diagnosed disease based on scientific evidence 127.To determine the impact of non-occupational factors on the diagnosed disease based on scientific evidence |
To register and report occupational diseases based on national and international guidelines 128.To register the disease diagnosed as occupational in the relevant sites based on national/international guidelines 129.To report specific occupational diseases to the competent authorities based on national/international guidelines |
Axis: Inter-organizational and inter-disciplinary relations and legal judgment |
To cooperate with external organizations (forensic medicine, insurance organizations, medical council, judiciary, and labor office) 130.To request information related to workplace assessments and occupational health examinations to prepare responses to consultations of institutions and organizations 131.To comment on the relationship between the disease and the job, based on the information provided by the occupational health team and others when requested by external organizations 132.To apportion the contribution of occupational factors in causing disease based on the information provided by the occupational health team and other investigations when external organizations request 133.To determine the degree of the employee's impairment based on the existing standards when requested by relevant institutions or organizations 134.To determine the degree of employee’s disability based on the relevant existing protocols 135.To determine the extent of the employer's negligence in causing the employee's disease, disability, or death, in cooperation with the relevant team members, based on the information provided by the occupational health team and other investigations 136.To determine the extent of negligence of the members of the occupational health team in causing an employee's disease, disability, or death in cooperation with the relevant team members, based on the information provided by the occupational health team and other investigations 137.To give technical advice to industrial owners and employers regarding improving the workplace, preventing occupational diseases, and early identification of occupational diseases, if requested 138.To respond effectively to external and internal organizations' consultations in written and oral form |
To seek the consultation of specialists from other disciplines only when necessary for the proper diagnosis and treatment of occupational and non-occupational diseases and respond to their consultation 139.To seek consultation from specialists in other fields for properly rehabilitating patients with occupational diseases 140.To refer the patient to specialists of other disciplines to complete the diagnosis process and rule out non-occupational causes of diseases when necessary 141.To refer the person to specialists of other disciplines to complete the treatment process when necessary 142.To refer the person to specialists of other disciplines to complete the rehabilitation process when necessary 143.To seek consultation to rule out non-occupational causes of diseases 144.To respond to the consultations of general practitioners and specialists from other disciplines in the field of occupational diseases 145.To give consultation to other members of the occupational health team in their field of expertise 146.To use the principles of personal and professional development to improve his (her) performance and other members of the occupational health team 147.To cooperate in inter-organizational teams to determine hazard and hazardous jobs 148.To provide effective feedback to the members of the occupational health team in the interprofessional team |
To cooperate in monitoring the provision of occupational health services 149.To cooperate in monitoring the centers of providing occupational hygiene services based on national and international standards 150.To cooperate in monitoring the centers of providing occupational medicine services based on national and international standards 151.To cooperate in monitoring high-standard jobs based on national and international standards 152.To perform economic evaluation and prioritization of programs to manage existing and organizational resources |
Axis: Education and scholarship in providing occupational health services |
To carry out professional activities based on a scholarly approach 153.To find the required evidence in valid databases using appropriate search strategies 154.To retrieve the searched evidence using appropriate and valid criteria 155.To critically evaluate searched evidence using valid criteria and to be able to apply relevant results 156.To participate in research activities in the field of occupational health in interprofessional teams 157.To design appropriate research to solve occupational health problems (problem-oriented research) 158.To use the evidence and results of domestic research in professional performance and promotion of occupational health services 159.To make decisions by evaluating the available evidence and considering the background factors and expert opinions 160.To compile instructions/guidelines related to occupational health with emphasis on domestic characteristics based on the specialized opinions of the members of the occupational health team |
To collaborate in educating different stakeholders 161.To conduct needs assessment regarding the required training for different stakeholders 162.To design training suitable for different audiences (employees, employers, and managers in occupational health) 163.To carry out training suitable for different audiences (employees, employers, and managers in the occupational health field) 164.To evaluate training suitable for different audiences (employees, employers, and managers in the occupational health field) |