Table 1 Study characteristics

Year of Publication

Studied Population^a

1992–2000

6

Medicine

32

2001–2010

21

Nursing

3

2011–2020

21

Health Sciences

5

Study Methods

Medicine and Dentistry

2

Quantitative

31

Tutors Only

1

Qualitative

8

Medical Students and Tutors

5

Mixed Methods

7

Students' Year of Study

Literature Review

2

Year 1

12

Study Design

Year 2

8

Questionnaire/Survey

29

Year 3

2

RCT

6

Year 4

3

Interview/Focus Group

4

Years 1 and 2

10

Observational

4

Years 1–3

2

Pretest–Posttest

3

Years 1–4

4

Scoping Review

1

Years 2–4

1

Systematic Review

1

"Junior"

1

Study Duration

Unspecified or N/A

5

Cross Sectional

39

Country of Educational Institution

Retrospective on a Specific PBL Session, Module, Year, etc

34

Netherlands

11

United States of America (USA)

8

Retrospective on General Experience

5

Australia

5

Longitudinal

7

Canada

4

N/A

2

United Kingdom (UK)

2

Count of Aspects of Group Function^b

Finland

2

Group Composition

26

United Arab Emirates (UAE)

2

Group Processes

29

Bahrain

2

PBL Processes

12

Indonesia

2

Count of KP Levels of Outcome Studied^b

Singapore

2

KP 1

38

Ireland

1

KP 2

24

Lebanon

1

KP 3

6

Iran

1

Korea

1

Japan

1

China

1